Deck 4: Ems Research

Question 1

The ____ ensures that a clinical trial is terminated if it can be shown that continuation of the experiment could cause more death or disability than pre-existing standard treatments.

A) DSMB
B) IRB
C) NHANES
D) PHS

Answer 1

DSMB

Question 2

The ____ is a set of guiding principles that limit the scope and nature of experiments using human subjects.

A) Geneva code
B) Berlin code
C) Nuremberg code
D) Luxemburg code

Answer 2

Nuremberg code

Question 3

The most scientifically valid research is prospective research.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research should be permitted to begin or continue if there are indications that the research will serve the greater good,.even when researchers believe that death or permanent disability could occur for a small number of participants.

Question 5

Regulations currently require that the public be informed, through various mechanisms of disclosure such as newspaper advertisements or television spots, of clinical trials.

Question 6

Retrospective data analysis is rarely used in performance improvement.

Question 7

____ emphasizes process and system thinking and is evident when Paramedics participate in performance improvement committees and multi-agency planning.

A) Cooper
B) Nightingale
C) Kaizen
D) Joliet

Question 8

The third principle of ethical research deals with the question of ____, meaning that one group of people should not bear all the risks of research when the benefits of said research would benefit all persons in the larger society.

A) morality
B) justice
C) ethics
D) acceptance

Question 9

An electronic librarian is trained in research techniques and can help the Paramedic develop a search strategy to identify which articles will be most helpful.

Question 10

Professional practice questions should directly involve patient care in all cases.

Question 11

In situations where science did not exist to support a practice, Paramedics and medical directors often used a(n) ____ to think through a situation.

A) analogy
B) role play
C) experience
D) debate

Question 12

A simple ____ analysis asks the question of whether it is advantageous to take a particular action or make a change in a procedure.

A) scientific
B) cost-benefit
C) risk assessment
D) risk-benefit

Question 13

A(n) ____ is an independent ethics committee that is tasked with ensuring that human rights are not violated and the standards of medical research are upheld.

A) CFR
B) CDC
C) PHS
D) IRB

Question 14

Data dredging (data mining) is conducting research without a scientific question in mind.

Question 15

In a ____, the results of several similar small studies are combined and a statistical hypothesis test is applied.

A) synthesized analysis
B) meta-analysis
C) direct analysis
D) custom analysis

Question 16

The classic economic analysis is the cost-effectiveness factor.

Question 17

Most current EMS practice parameters, protocols and procedures, originated from ____.

A) experimental experience
B) anecdotal experience
C) concomitant experience
D) formal experimentation

Question 18

Classical hypothesis testing compares the results of two treatment groups, statistically, in order to obtain a degree of confidence that the treatment actually caused the effect.

Question 19

Paramedics driven by the maxim "do no harm" often ask themselves if what they do truly helps, or if, at a minimum, no harm has been caused to the patient.

Question 20

Currently, the most common kind of EMS research in the literature is ____ research.

A) dynamic
B) conclusive
C) interactive
D) retrospective

Question 21

____________________ experience is the result of apparently successful previous practices and of intuitiveness.

Question 22

____________________ blindness can be summed up by the phrase "because we have always done it this way."

Question 23

In a(n) ____________________ study, both the researcher and the participants are unaware of which group the subject is in.

Question 24

A(n) ____________________, a term borrowed from business, suggests that one method of delivering care is the most effective, and therefore a superior, means of providing care.

Question 25

____________________ describes any person who is mentally incapable of making an informed decision (e.g., by virtue of age or infirmity) could not willingly consent to participate in research.