Exam 4: Ems Research

____________________ describes any person who is mentally incapable of making an informed decision (e.g., by virtue of age or infirmity) could not willingly consent to participate in research.

The ____ is a set of guiding principles that limit the scope and nature of experiments using human subjects.

A simple ____ analysis asks the question of whether it is advantageous to take a particular action or make a change in a procedure.

Currently, the most common kind of EMS research in the literature is ____ research.

A(n) ____ is an independent ethics committee that is tasked with ensuring that human rights are not violated and the standards of medical research are upheld.

A(n) ____________________, a term borrowed from business, suggests that one method of delivering care is the most effective, and therefore a superior, means of providing care.

Research should be permitted to begin or continue if there are indications that the research will serve the greater good,.even when researchers believe that death or permanent disability could occur for a small number of participants.

The most scientifically valid research is prospective research.

The ____ ensures that a clinical trial is terminated if it can be shown that continuation of the experiment could cause more death or disability than pre-existing standard treatments.

Most current EMS practice parameters, protocols and procedures, originated from ____.

Regulations currently require that the public be informed, through various mechanisms of disclosure such as newspaper advertisements or television spots, of clinical trials.

Paramedics driven by the maxim "do no harm" often ask themselves if what they do truly helps, or if, at a minimum, no harm has been caused to the patient.

Data dredging (data mining) is conducting research without a scientific question in mind.

The third principle of ethical research deals with the question of ____, meaning that one group of people should not bear all the risks of research when the benefits of said research would benefit all persons in the larger society.

In a ____, the results of several similar small studies are combined and a statistical hypothesis test is applied.

In a(n) ____________________ study, both the researcher and the participants are unaware of which group the subject is in.

In situations where science did not exist to support a practice, Paramedics and medical directors often used a(n) ____ to think through a situation.

Classical hypothesis testing compares the results of two treatment groups, statistically, in order to obtain a degree of confidence that the treatment actually caused the effect.

Retrospective data analysis is rarely used in performance improvement.

____________________ experience is the result of apparently successful previous practices and of intuitiveness.