Deck 5: Global Temperatures

Question 1

6.4C°/1000 m refers to

A)a latitudinal lapse rate.
B)a normal lapse rate.
C)an environmental lapse rate.
D)a measure of air pressure.
E)a horizontal rate of change from land to water.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

As the kinetic energy of the air increases,

A)its temperature decreases.
B)its temperature increases.
C)its temperature is unaffected.
D)its temperature may either increase or decrease depending upon the circumstances.
E)its temperature reaches a dynamic equilibrium.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding locations at high elevations?

A)higher elevations experience higher temperatures during the day because they are closer to the Sun.
B)higher elevations experience lower average temperatures during both day and night.
C)the density of air increases with increasing elevation.
D)temperatures at night,and in the shadows,are greater at higher elevations.
E)temperatures are not affected by elevation.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Global temperature change

A)is not affecting animals,but is influencing plant distribution.
B)is affecting body size for sheep in high latitudes.
C)is linked to increases in goat size in Ireland.
D)is allowing tropical plant seeds to germinate in Iceland.
E)is not linked to human activity.

Question 5

Official temperatures are measured using thermometers placed in shelters that are

A)louvered for ventilation and painted white.
B)placed a 10 metres above the ground.
C)placed in the full sun.
D)located over asphalt surfaces.
E)painted black for absorbing the greatest amount of solar energy.

Question 6

The people of La Paz,Bolivia can grow wheat and barely at an elevation of 4103 m because

A)the air is thicker than normal at their location and it therefore traps more heat energy-making the climate much warmer than would be expected based on its location.
B)La Paz is located fairly close to the midlatitudes.
C)daylength does not vary much at La Paz and this provides relatively uniform temperatures throughout the year.
D)they pump water from lower elevations for irrigation.
E)they use solar panels to warm the soil for these crops.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding La Paz or Concepción,Bolivia?

A)La Paz is hot and humid and at lower elevation.
B)Concepción is generally cool and dry.
C)La Paz is located much closer to the equator than Concepción.
D)the people of La Paz,despite their altitude of 4103 m,are able to grow wheat and barley.
E)each is a good example of a polar climate.

Question 8

Relative to latitude and surface energy receipts,which of the following is true?

A)insolation intensity increases with distance from the subsolar point.
B)daylength decreases with increasing latitude in summer.
C)insolation intensity decreases with distance from the subsolar point.
D)seasonal effects increase toward the equator.
E)variations in energy receipt are minimal at the poles.

Question 9

In general,as distance from the subsolar point increases,the average annual insolation ________ and the average annual temperature ________.

A)increases increases
B)increases decreases
C)decreases increases
D)decreases decreases
E)remains unchanged decreases

Question 10

Air pressure at 5500 m is ________ (percent)of that at sea level.

A)0
B)10
C)30
D)50
E)80

Question 11

Temperature is controlled by seasonal variation in daylength which ________ with increasing distance from the equator because ________.

A)decreases Earth rotates more slowly near the poles
B)decreases Earth's axis is titled relative to the plane of the ecliptic
C)increases Earth rotates more slowly near the poles
D)increases Earth's axis is titled relative to the plane of the ecliptic
E)remains constant throughout the year Earth is a sphere

Question 12

Average air temperatures worldwide

A)have appeared to stabilize after a century of increase.
B)are at present demonstrating no apparent trend one way or another.
C)are being influenced by human-induced changes in the greenhouse effect.
D)are generally lower than 20 years ago.
E)have been falling since reaching a peak in 2009.

Question 13

Average temperatures in the troposphere ________ with increasing elevation because the atmosphere is heated ________.

A)increase from the top-down by insolation
B)increase from the top-down by energy emitted from the stratosphere
C)decrease from the bottom-up by reflected insolation
D)decrease from the bottom-up by terrestrial infrared energy
E)remain unchanged evenly throughout

Question 14

The principal controls and influences of temperature patterns include

A)Earth's tilt,rotation,revolution,and sphericity.
B)latitude,altitude,land-water heating differences,cloud cover,ocean currents,and surface conditions.
C)land-water heating differences only.
D)specific heat only.
E)latent heat of evaporation only.

Question 15

Kinetic energy refers to

A)the energy an object possesses by virtue of its elevation above a surface.
B)the energy an object possesses because of its gravitational attraction to other objects.
C)the energy an object possesses in accordance with the law E = .
D)the energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion.
E)the energy an object possesses within its chemical structure.

Question 16

The temperature control that specifically relates to opaqueness is

A)altitude.
B)specific heat.
C)transparency.
D)evaporation.
E)latitude.

Question 17

If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level)is 40°C,what is the temperature at 2000 m if the normal lapse rate is 6.4C°/1000 m?

A)27.2°C
B)33.6°C
C)46.4°C
D)52.8°C
E)-21.3°C

Question 18

Air temperature is a measure of the presence of which of the following?

A)heat capacity
B)apparent temperature
C)relative humidity
D)sensible heat
E)latent heat of evaporation

Question 19

At night,temperatures at high elevations decrease ________ than at lower elevations because ________.

A)more quickly the air is thinner and contains less heat energy
B)more quickly the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidly
C)less quickly the air is thinner and contains less heat energy
D)less quickly the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidly
E)more quickly they are closer to space

Question 20

The single most important control on temperature is

A)latitude.
B)altitude.
C)distribution of land and water.
D)evaporation.
E)sun exposure.

Question 21

The Gulf Stream

A)moves southward and moderates temperatures in eastern South America.
B)moves equatorward,warming the California coast.
C)moves northward in the western Atlantic,moderating temperatures in Iceland.
D)creates a warming effect on Japan and the Aleutians.
E)flows tropical water into the Gulf of St.Lawrence.

Question 22

Which of the following results from convection currents?

A)heat energy is more evenly distributed in soil and rock than in water.
B)heat energy tends to concentrate in one spot.
C)warmer and cooler water mix,thereby spreading heat over a greater volume.
D)warm water sinks to the deepest parts of the oceans.
E)cooler water forces warmer water to flow toward the equator.

Question 23

According to the text,the ocean temperature rarely rises above 31°C because of ________ feedback caused by ________.

A)positive evaporation
B)positive ocean currents
C)negative evaporation
D)negative ocean currents
E)positive advection

Question 24

If the Gulf Stream shifted away from Iceland and England,winter temperatures in these locations would

A)become cooler,thereby decreasing the average winter temperature.
B)become warmer,thereby increasing the average winter temperature.
C)remain the same.
D)It is impossible to say what would happen to the winter temperatures.

Question 25

Both City A and City B are located at the same latitude and the same amount of cloud cover.City A has a mean annual temperature of 27°C and a temperature range of 22°C.City B has a mean annual temperature of 26°C and a temperature range of 14°C.Which city is located in the interior of the continent?

A)City A
B)City B
C)It is impossible to say.

Question 26

During summer,cities located near the coast are ________ than those in the interior at the same latitude,while in the winter they are ________.

A)warmer warmer
B)warmer cooler
C)cooler warmer
D)cooler cooler

Question 27

The temperature on a cloudy night is likely to be ________ than that on a clear night because ________.

A)colder the clouds reflect more energy
B)colder the clouds absorb heat energy and store it
C)warmer the clouds absorb heat energy and then reradiate some of it back to the ground
D)warmer the clouds absorb heat energy and store it
E)no different clouds have very little energy interaction

Question 28

The temperature control that includes the heat capacity of a substance is

A)movement.
B)evaporation.
C)cloud cover.
D)specific heat.
E)altitude.

Question 29

Which of the following is true regarding clouds?

A)they increase temperature minimums and temperature maximums.
B)they cover about 15 percent of Earth's surface at any one time.
C)they act like insulation in that they have a moderating influence on temperatures.
D)they decrease nighttime temperatures and increase daytime temperatures.
E)they absorb large amounts of energy warming the atmosphere during both day and night.

Question 30

In general,more moderate temperature patterns

A)are created by continentality.
B)are exemplified by Winnipeg and Wichita.
C)indicate maritime influences.
D)occur in continental interiors.
E)are created by variations in altitude.

Question 31

Evaporation

A)tends to increase temperatures over land.
B)tends to lower temperatures more over water bodies than over land.
C)tends to increase the temperature over water.
D)affects land more than ocean surfaces.
E)affects the temperature of land surfaces and water bodies the same amount.

Question 32

The temperature difference between the surface and a point 3 metres below the surface is ________ for land than for water because ________.

A)greater water is transparent
B)greater land is opaque
C)less water is transparent
D)less water does not experience temperature-induced circulation
E)greater land is transparent

Question 33

The mean (average)temperature of a given location on Earth is controlled primarily by its ________ whereas its temperature range is controlled primarily by its ________.

A)latitude elevation
B)elevation location with respect to large water bodies
C)evaporation latitude
D)latitude location with respect to large water bodies
E)season elevation

Question 34

Transparency

A)is greater in land than water.
B)refers to the fact that land is opaque and water is transparent.
C)produces a heat loading at the surface of water bodies.
D)produces a photic layer that normally is 2000 m deep.
E)results in greater heating reservoir on land than in water.

Question 35

The land surface cools off more rapidly at night than water does because

A)the energy is stored in a shallow layer near the surface of the land,and so it can be radiated away faster.
B)the amount of energy stored in the water column is less than that stored in the land.
C)land cannot store energy so its surface cools rapidly without insolation.
D)water is heated geothermally so it has an energy supply not available to the land.
E)air above the land can absorb more energy than air above water.

Question 36

Land has a ________ specific heat than water and therefore heats more ________.

A)higher slowly
B)higher quickly
C)lower slowly
D)lower quickly

Question 37

The temperature on a cloudy night is likely to be ________ those on a clear night-all other factors being equal.

A)warmer than
B)colder than
C)the same as

Question 38

Which of the following is true regarding the specific heat of land and water?

A)water can hold more heat energy than a comparable volume of rock.
B)the temperature of water will rise faster than that of land when exposed to the same amount of insolation.
C)land surfaces have a higher specific heat than water surfaces.
D)land and water have very similar specific heat values.
E)soil has a higher specific heat than water.

Question 39

The rate at which temperature decreases below the surface of water is ________ than that at which it decreases below the surface of land because ________.

A)greater water is transparent
B)greater land is opaque
C)less water is transparent
D)less water does not experience temperature-induced circulation
E)greater water is opaque

Question 40

As a result of the characteristics of water,cities located near a coast should experience a temperature range that is ________ those of cities located in the interior at the same latitude.

A)the same as
B)smaller than
C)larger than

Question 41

Which of the following would experience the least continentality?

A)central Nevada
B)north central Asia
C)a tropical island
D)200 kilometers inland from the Gulf of St.Lawrence
E)the Great Lakes basin

Question 42

Relative to marine versus continental effects on temperature, Vancouver is to Kansas as

A)San Francisco is to Los Angeles.
B)Kansas is to Siberia.
C)Winnipeg is to Verkhoyansk.
D)San Francisco is to Manitoba.
E)Vancouver is to Los Angeles.

Question 43

The cool ocean currents that flow along the west coasts of continents promote

A)heavy rainfall.
B)fog.
C)thunderstorm development.
D)hurricane activity.
E)elevated temperatures.

Question 44

Which of the following experiences the greatest continentality?

A)central Kansas
B)north central Asia
C)a tropical island
D)200 kilometers inland from the Gulf of St.Lawrence
E)southern Saskatchewan

Question 45

The highest maximum temperatures recorded on Earth occur in interior deserts during July because

A)insolation is greater at other latitudes.
B)the skies are cloudy.
C)little evaporation occurs to supply moisture to the atmosphere.
D)the north pole is pointed away from the sun.
E)the desert surface cannot absorb insolation.

Question 46

The pattern of global annual temperature range shows

A)lowest ranges occur over continental interiors in the northern hemisphere.
B)greatest ranges occur in the subtropics over the oceans.
C)greatest ranges occur over the continental masses in the southern hemisphere.
D)greatest ranges occur in east central Siberia in Russia.
E)greatest ranges occur over the northern hemisphere oceans.

Question 47

Which of the following is true?

A)northern hemisphere temperatures are more strongly dominated by continentality than are southern hemisphere temperatures.
B)southern hemisphere temperatures are more strongly dominated by continentality than are northern hemisphere temperatures.
C)The Northern and southern hemispheres are dominated equally by maritime influences.
D)The Northern and southern hemispheres are dominated equally by continentality.

Question 48

Our individual perception of temperature is termed

A)apparent temperature,or sensible temperature.
B)air temperature.
C)the heat index.
D)sensible heat.
E)humidex.

Question 49

The highest temperature recorded on Earth to date was in

A)North America.
B)Asia.
C)Africa.
D)Mexico.
E)Australia.

Question 50

Our perception and response to temperature means that

A)low winds with higher temperatures and humidity produce the most discomfort.
B)lower humidity and strong winds decrease cooling rates.
C)higher temperatures produce a decrease in sweating.
D)increased appetite occurs with higher temperatures.
E)low humidity,high winds,and moderate temperatures produce the most discomfort.

Question 51

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A)Winnipeg - continentality
B)Vancouver - marine
C)Trondheim - continentality
D)Verkhoyansk - continentality
E)Wichita - continentality

Question 52

The effects of wind and temperature on the human skin is called the

A)heat index.
B)sensible heat measurement.
C)wind chill factor.
D)apparent temperature index.
E)humidex.

Question 53

The lowest natural temperature on Earth (-89.2°C)was recorded at

A)Vostok,Antarctica in July.
B)Verkhoyansk,Siberia,Soviet Union in January.
C)at the North Pole in July.
D)at a South Pole scientific base in December.
E)at the northern tip of Ellesmere Island in December.

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the thermal equator during the month of July?

A)it trends equatorward over continents and poleward over the oceans.
B)it trends poleward over continents and equatorward over the oceans.
C)it assumes an orientation that closely parallels that of the equator.
D)its orientation is apparently random and has yet to be adequately explained.
E)it parallels the equator in the western hemisphere.

Question 55

An isoline that connects all points of the same temperature on a map is called

A)an isobar.
B)the mean temperature isoline.
C)the thermal equator.
D)min/max line.
E)an isotherm.

Question 56

The lowest temperature recorded on Earth to date was in

A)Antarctica in July.
B)Antarctica in January.
C)Alaska in February.
D)Russia in January.
E)Iqualuit in January.

Question 57

The Western Pacific Warm Pool

A)averages 20° to 22°C.
B)is located around the Hawaiian Islands.
C)has temperatures above 30°C.
D)is the region of the lowest average ocean temperatures in the world.
E)heats the polar regions.

Question 58

The highest natural temperature on Earth (+58°C)was recorded at

A)Death Valley,California.
B)Al-Aziziyah,Libya.
C)Elko,Nevada.
D)Alice Springs,central Australia.
E)Mexico City

Question 59

An isoline that connects all points of highest mean temperature on a world map is called

A)an isobar.
B)the highest mean temperature isoline.
C)the thermal equator.
D)min/max line.
E)the temperature range line.

Question 60

The greatest annual temperature ranges are characteristic of places like

A)Los Angeles and Vancouver.
B)Los Angeles and London.
C)Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon.
D)Toronto and Montreal.
E)Halifax and St.John's

Question 61

The best thermometer to use where temperatures drop below -39°C is

A)a barometric thermometer.
B)a mercury thermometer.
C)a bulb mounted in direct sunshine.
D)an alcohol thermometer.
E)a nitrogen thermometer.

Question 62

Which of the following is an effect of high temperature exposure?

A)increased appetite
B)shivering
C)reduced blood flow to the skin,so that the skin becomes pale in colour
D)decreased urine volume
E)increased chloride balance

Question 63

The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales only coincide at: [°C → °F = (°C × 1.8)+ 32]

A)-40°.
B)-273°.
C)0°.
D)212°.
E)140°.

Question 64

Air temperature is an indication of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules within the atmosphere.

Question 65

The warmest years in the history of weather instruments were

A)recorded during the period 1910 to 1921.
B)recorded during 12 of the last 13 years (1995-2007).
C)observed in the 1880s and 1890s.
D)recorded in the first half of this century.
E)during the Cretaceous period.

Question 66

The flow of temperature into an object raises its heat.

Question 67

Which is true of climate change in polar regions?

A)Temperatures in polar regions have increased more rapidly than in non-polar regions.
B)The rate of increase has dramatically decreased in the last 20 years.
C)Since 1970 there has been a 43% increase in Arctic sea ice.
D)There has been little climate change in polar regions.
E)polar regions are not affected as greatly as areas on Earth with higher population densities.

Question 68

Temperatures are usually quite uniform and unchanging with altitude.

Question 69

The wind-chill index

A)takes into account infrared solar radiation.
B)assumes people are wearing a basic layer of clothing.
C)uses the same variables as the heat index does.
D)does not consider whether or not a person is engaged in physical activity.
E)was developed for tropical latitudes.

Question 70

Which is true of climate change in polar regions?

A)Temperatures have changed less in the polar regions than the middle and low latitudes.
B)Increased fresh water run off is increasing thermohaline circulation.
C)Both the temperatures and the rate of temperature rise have risen.
D)Sea ice cover has increased at 9% per decade since 1978.
E)the higher the latitude,the lower the rate of change.

Question 71

The body size of wild sheep at high latitudes are not affected by climate change.

Question 72

Water has more than one freezing point.

Question 73

-273°C is

A)the same as 273 Kelvin.
B)an average boiling temperature.
C)absolute 0° temperature.
D)not possible on any scale.
E)the boiling point of water on Pluto.

Question 74

Official temperature measurements are made in black,sealed boxes placed on the ground surface in direct sunlight.

Question 75

There is as yet no scientific consensus concerning the idea that Earth is warming as a result of human activities.

Question 76

The amount of heat energy present in any substance is expressed as its

A)temperature.
B)latent heat.
C)sensible heat.
D)surface motion.
E)humidex.

Question 77

Which of the following is false?

A)the IPCC's AR4 states that warming of the climate system is not happening.
B)twelve of the 13 years between 1995-2007,ranked among the warmest years in instrumental records stretching back to 1850.
C)by the end of the 21st century,large portions of Earth's surface may experience climates not found at present.
D)the Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth.
E)climate change is resulting in rising global sea level.

Question 78

Monthly mean temperatures are made by taking the average of the highest and lowest temperatures of the month.[(maximum monthly temperature + minimum monthly temperature)/2]

Question 79

Which of the following is true regarding future temperatures?

A)humans can influence long-term (millions of years)temperature trends.
B)short-term changes appear to be beyond human influence.
C)human society appears to be causing short-term changes in global temperatures and temperature patterns.
D)the climate of Earth will remain completely stable over the long term.
E)humans can engineer the longterm dynamic equilibrium of temperature regimes.

Question 80

The Celsius scale

A)is used exclusively in the United States.
B)places freezing at 0° and was formerly called centigrade.
C)was developed by the British physicist Lord Kelvin.
D)was developed by Fahrenheit,who also developed the alcohol and mercury thermometers.
E)places freezing at 32° and boiling at 212°.