Deck 21: The New ERA

Question 1

The Universal Negro Improvement Association declined in the mid-1920s for which of the following reasons?

A) The Black Star steamship line went bankrupt and Marcus Garvey was deported for mail fraud.
B) The death of Marcus Garvey deprived the association of its persuasive and charismatic leader.
C) Investigations revealed that the Black Star shipping line was engaged in smuggling.
D) Poor African Americans, feeling exploited by Marcus Garvey, began to reject the UNIA's radical agenda.

Answer 1

The Black Star steamship line went bankrupt and Marcus Garvey was deported for mail fraud.

Question 2

What caused the great influx of Puerto Ricans to the mainland United States in the 1920s?

A) The brutality of military rule in Puerto Rico
B) A shift in the Puerto Rican economy from sugar to coffee production
C) Positive encouragement from Puerto Ricans already living on the mainland
D) Federal financing for Puerto Ricans who wanted to come to the mainland

Answer 2

A shift in the Puerto Rican economy from sugar to coffee production

Question 3

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning the American economy between 1919 and 1929?

A) The purchasing power of most American workers increased.
B) The gross national product fell slightly.
C) The new consumer goods that appeared in the marketplace were available only to the rich.
D) Most Americans were reluctant to spend their disposable income on new consumer goods because they feared a recession.

Answer 3

The purchasing power of most American workers increased.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the League of Women Voters during the 1920s?

A) It joined with organizations composed of African American women to fight for the rights of minority women.
B) It supported legislation to improve working conditions for employed women.
C) It encouraged women to engage in bloc voting.
D) It became the champion of feminism by campaigning for an Equal Rights Amendment to guarantee women's equality with men in all parts of society.

Question 5

Which of the following statements best expresses the Supreme Court's ruling in Coronado Coal Company v. United Mine Workers?

A) A striking union can be prosecuted for illegal restraint of trade.
B) A corporation can be prosecuted for directing a hired security force to use violence against a striking union.
C) A corporation can be prosecuted for not allowing its workers to organize into a union.
D) A striking union can be prosecuted for encouraging violent tactics.

Question 6

The new consumerism between 1922 and 1929 was fueled mostly by

A) installment plans.
B) declining prices.
C) the advent of department stores.
D) modern advertising.

Question 7

The Supreme Court's ruling in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company

A) overturned a minimum-wage law for women.
B) upheld mandatory retirement policies.
C) established the precedent that a striking union could be prosecuted for illegal restraint of trade.
D) voided restrictions on child labor.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the National Woman's Party during the 1920s?

A) It joined with organizations composed of African American women to fight for the rights of minority women.
B) It campaigned tirelessly for enactment of sex-based labor legislation to protect employed working-class women.
C) It campaigned for a constitutional amendment to guarantee women's equality with men under the law.
D) It encouraged women to engage in bloc voting.

Question 9

At their 1924 national convention, the Democrats

A) nominated Robert La Follette as a compromise candidate.
B) approved a resolution calling for an end to Prohibition.
C) failed to pass a resolution condemning the Teapot Dome scandal.
D) failed to pass a resolution condemning the Ku Klux Klan.

Question 10

Which of the following was true of African Americans living in inner-city northern ghettos in the 1920s?

A) They successfully lobbied for the enactment of rent-control laws in most major northeastern cities.
B) By forming neighborhood protective associations, they were able to gain a great deal of political power.
C) As they acquired better paying jobs, they were able to move to spacious homes in suburban neighborhoods.
D) Because better housing was usually closed to them, they found it very difficult to escape from such areas.

Question 11

In the 1920s, the ultimate symbol of social equality was the

A) washing machine.
B) radio.
C) house with electricity.
D) automobile.

Question 12

For the American economy, the period after World War I into 1922 was a time of

A) declining farm prices and rapidly rising unemployment.
B) increasing exports and heavy consumer spending.
C) record investment spending and rising prices.
D) low unemployment and double-digit inflation.

Question 13

Which of the following was a characteristic of the American economy during the 1920s?

A) The federal government took a less active role in aiding business interests.
B) Consumerism became a major economic force as consumer protection groups abounded.
C) Increased competition within major industries led to renewed emphasis on product quality.
D) The trend toward the consolidation of economic power in the hands of oligopolies continued.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of President Warren G. Harding?

A) He sought the repeal of all federal regulatory legislation.
B) He initiated a long era of Democratic party dominance.
C) His appointee to head the Veterans Bureau was convicted of fraud and bribery in connection with government contracts and went to federal prison.
D) His appointees to the Supreme Court were outstanding justices.

Question 15

Which of the following was true of the Justice Department during the 1920s?

A) It was the target of a congressional investigation concerning the harassment of dissidents.
B) It was the branch of the federal government that most assertively enforced liberal reform measures.
C) In a setback for organized labor, it helped end a nationwide strike by miners.
D) It supported the right of state governments to regulate business corporations in particular ways.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of progressive reform in the 1920s?

A) Both social and political reforms were enacted at the state and local levels.
B) The government-owned hydroelectric power project at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, was sold to private interests.
C) The major federal regulatory agencies were dismantled.
D) The federal government stepped up its antitrust activity.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the philosophy of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association?

A) African Americans should demand integration in all areas of American society.
B) African Americans should separate themselves from corrupt white American society.
C) African Americans must elect their own candidates to state and national offices in order to become an integral part of white society.
D) African Americans must prove their ability at manual jobs in order to achieve upward mobility.

Question 18

The term welfare capitalism refers to

A) the policy adopted by some companies of offering benefits such as profit sharing and pension plans to their employees in an effort to make unions less appealing.
B) the nationalization of all industry.
C) public ownership of utilities and all means of transportation.
D) the creation of business trade associations.

Question 19

Which of the following was one of Harding's major problems as president?

A) He could not work with Congress.
B) He was too liberal.
C) He sought military solutions to most international problems.
D) He appointed to government positions friends who, through bribery and fraud, used their offices for personal gain.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of President Calvin Coolidge?

A) He raised tax rates on incomes over $50,000.
B) He engaged in deficit spending.
C) He vetoed bills that would have established government-backed price supports for staple crops.
D) He supported attempts to enforce antitrust laws more strictly.

Question 21

Which of the following is considered America's most distinctive art form?

A) Jazz
B) Motion pictures
C) Musical comedy
D) Ragtime

Question 22

By the early 1930s, the increase in life expectancy and the accompanying increase in the number of elderly Americans caused which of the following to occur?

A) The federal government established a national program of old-age insurance.
B) State governments began to provide assistance to the needy elderly.
C) Most corporations began offering retirement plans to their employees.
D) The federal government established a comprehensive retirement plan for federal employees.

Question 23

New technology changed the role of housewives in which of the following ways?

A) Housewives began to be seen as specialists in certain tasks.
B) Fewer child-raising responsibilities were placed on the housewife.
C) Management of the household became more of a shared family responsibility.
D) The housewife became the family's chief shopper rather than its chief producer.

Question 24

He was called "The Lone Eagle" and was the most notable news hero of the 1920s.

A) Floyd Collins
B) Jack Dempsey
C) Charles A. Lindbergh
D) John Scopes

Question 25

Which of the following is true of the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

A) Their conviction was a sign of strong sentiment against reactionary, racist organizations.
B) The two men were convicted largely because of their political beliefs and Italian origins.
C) The case indicates that African Americans could not be guaranteed a fair trial in the South.
D) The case indicates that the fear of radicalism that had led to the Red Scare had disappeared.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of racist, nativist, and fundamentalist groups in the 1920s?

A) Such groups engaged in terrorist acts with the ultimate aim of overthrowing the U.S. government.
B) Almost all of the members of such groups were from poor, depressed rural areas.
C) Congress labeled such groups as subversive and required their members to register with the U.S. government.
D) The members of such groups were attempting to defend the older values associated with the late nineteenth century against the materialism and rapid social change of the 1920s.

Question 27

What feature of the 1928 presidential election had the greatest significance for the future of the Democratic party?

A) The Republican candidate made significant inroads in the South.
B) The Republican candidate captured the women's vote.
C) The Democratic candidate carried the nation's twelve largest cities.
D) The Democratic candidate captured a majority of the African American vote.

Question 28

Modernists claimed victory in the Scopes trial because

A) they believed the testimony in the trial proved fundamentalism to be illogical.
B) they believed that William Jennings Bryan's eloquent defense of academic freedom led to greater national acceptance of that concept.
C) the Supreme Court subsequently overturned the conviction of John Scopes.
D) the state of Tennessee repealed its law prohibiting public-school instructors from teaching the theory of evolution.

Question 29

One of the most popular movie stars of the 1920s was

A) Gary Cooper.
B) Cecil B. DeMille.
C) D. W. Griffith.
D) Rudolph Valentino.

Question 30

Which of the following became a standard job benefit for white-collar workers in the 1920s?

A) A company car
B) Annual vacations
C) Company-sponsored day-care centers
D) Dental insurance

Question 31

As a result of the growth of the suburbs,

A) the boundaries of most central cities expanded as they annexed outlying areas.
B) the peer group's influence on children began to decline while the family's influence increased.
C) pollution and trash were spread over a larger area.
D) nonwhites were able to escape the overcrowding of the inner-city ghettos.

Question 32

Many of the writers of the Harlem Renaissance

A) accepted the accommodationist approach of Booker T. Washington.
B) expressed the same feelings as those expressed by the white "Lost Generation" writers.
C) rejected their African heritage.
D) rejected white culture and exalted the "New Negro."

Question 33

Which of the following is true of women in the work force in the 1920s?

A) Women began moving into occupations previously restricted to men.
B) Married women made up the majority of women workers by the end of the decade.
C) Married women joined the work force in increasing numbers.
D) Sex segregation in the workplace became less noticeable.

Question 34

What was the common lament expressed by writers such as Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound, and T.S. Eliot?

A) The preoccupation with money in American society
B) The decline of intellect
C) The decline of manhood
D) The sexual liberation of women

Question 35

Which of the following is a factor that caused prohibition to fail?

A) It became obvious that the "noble experiment" caused serious economic problems.
B) Enforcement of prohibition was lax at both the federal level and the state level.
C) Americans became disillusioned with prohibition once they recognized that it was linked to organized crime.
D) It was completely outside the traditional American value system.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of the National Origins Act of 1927?

A) It allowed Europeans to freely immigrate to the United States, except for those who were defined as potential paupers.
B) It based immigration quotas on the 1890 census.
C) It was the first immigration act to exempt individuals with desirable professions from immigration quotas.
D) It did not establish quotas for immigrants from the Western Hemisphere.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the Ku Klux Klan of the early 1920s?

A) It was anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, and anti-black.
B) It was confined to the Deep South.
C) It repudiated the vigilante tactics of its forerunner.
D) It appealed to fewer people than its forerunner.

Question 38

The immigration quotas established by Congress in the 1920s

A) reflected a desire to increase immigration.
B) favored northern Europeans.
C) were opposed by labor unions.
D) were opposed by business executives.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of family life in the 1920s?

A) Parental influence increased.
B) The percentage of families with five or more children increased.
C) Family members devoted more time to family tasks.
D) The divorce rate rose.

Question 40

During the 1920s and after, the constancy with which same-age children were brought together in graded school classes, sports, and clubs

A) made the transition to adolescence easy for most children.
B) increased the importance of the peer group in socializing children.
C) made children more accepting of their parents.
D) reduced the self-esteem of most children.

Question 41

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company and Adkins v. Children's Hospital ?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 42

Which of the following was true of many American businesses in 1929?

A) In anticipation of an economic downturn in the 1930s, they had significantly reduced their inventories.
B) Having misrepresented their assets to obtain loans, they were overburdened with debt.
C) They enjoyed relatively high profits because of the expansion of foreign markets.
D) They incurred heavy losses of capital by shifting their investments from the United States stock market to less profitable European markets.

Question 43

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: Coronado Coal Company v. United Mine Workers and Maple Floor Association v. U.S.?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 44

Underconsumption was caused by which of the following?

A) Farmers and workers built up large savings accounts that drew excessive interest.
B) Due to falling wages and rising unemployment, many middle- and lower-income Americans could no longer buy the products they needed and wanted.
C) A shortage of labor caused a drastic reduction in industrial production.
D) The public continually demanded consumer goods of a higher and higher quality.

Question 45

Those who called themselves isolationists wanted to

A) withdraw from foreign affairs.
B) close all foreign diplomatic missions.
C) stay out of Europe's political squabbles and military alliances so that the United States would not be dragged into war.
D) place an embargo on foreign trade.

Question 46

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: oligopolies?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 47

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the installment plan?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 48

Which of the following is true of the Dawes Plan?

A) It reduced Germany's annual reparations payments.
B) It shortened the time period for German repayment of reparations debts.
C) It canceled Germany's war debts.
D) It stopped American loans to Germany until all past-due reparations payments were made.

Question 49

Which of the following best expresses prevailing thought in 1929 concerning economic depressions?

A) Massive government aid to business is the best way to overcome a depression.
B) Economic downturns are natural and simply must be allowed to run their course.
C) The proper course during a depression is to lower tariff levels and raise taxes.
D) The key to overcoming a depression is to raise interest rates.

Question 50

Which of the following correctly states the American response to Europe in the years immediately following the First World War?

A) The United States government announced a fifteen-year postponement of all Allied debts.
B) The United States government generously canceled the Allied debts.
C) The United States government pressed for debt payment from France but not from Great Britain.
D) Private American charities and official relief programs provided massive amounts of foodstuffs to needy Europeans.

Question 51

Which of the following is true of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

A) It committed the United States to a defensive alliance with France.
B) It stated that the nations signing it renounced war as an instrument of national policy.
C) It linked the nations of the Western Hemisphere in a defensive alliance.
D) It committed the nations signing it to substantial reductions in their armed forces.

Question 52

Which of the following is true of the Johnson Act, passed by Congress in 1934?

A) The act forbade the government from extending loans to foreign governments that were in default on debts owed to the United States.
B) By the act, the United States returned to the gold standard.
C) The act declared a moratorium on war debts owed to the United States.
D) Through the act, American banks were permitted to open foreign branch banks.

Question 53

Which of the following is true of America's economic relations with the rest of the world during the 1920s?

A) American overseas investments increased substantially.
B) The nation suffered from an adverse balance of trade.
C) The nation experienced a reduction in its foreign trade.
D) The United States organized and supported the World Bank.

Question 54

Which of the following statements concerning the conduct of United States foreign policy during the 1920s is correct?

A) American officials discreetly participated in meetings of the League of Nations.
B) The United States belatedly joined the League of Nations.
C) American diplomats showed no interest in the activities of the League of Nations.
D) The United States joined the World Court in Geneva.

Question 55

Which of the following factors contributed to the Great Depression?

A) risky stock market speculation
B) a high rate of inflation
C) the elimination of protective tariffs
D) a large and growing federal deficit

Question 56

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the "new lobbying"?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 57

During the 1920s, Europeans branded Americans as stingy because of America's

A) humanitarian food program.
B) refusal to aid Russians during a period of famine.
C) handling of war debts and reparations.
D) huge military arms buildup.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of the agreements reached at the Washington Naval Conference?

A) Nations with possessions in the Pacific were allowed to build new fortifications.
B) Japan was allowed to develop a navy larger than that of Great Britain.
C) No mention was made of the Open Door policy.
D) The three naval-armaments treaties that came out of the conference placed no limits on submarines, destroyers, or cruisers.

Question 59

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: Cecil B. Demille?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 60

Why did European nations begin to default on repaying their debts to the United States in the late 1920s?

A) They had begun massive rearmament programs.
B) They were experiencing severe inflation.
C) They were pouring massive sums into social welfare programs.
D) They depended on reparations payments from Germany to pay their loans and, since American banks had stopped making loans to Germany, those reparations payments ceased.

Question 61

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: agribusiness?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 62

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 63

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: advertising theorists?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 64

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the League of Women Voters?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 65

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the National Woman's Party?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 66

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Federal Highway Act and the Bureau of Public Roads?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 67

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: President Calvin Coolidge?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 68

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: welfare capitalism?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 69

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the radio?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 70

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Indian Rights Association, the Indian Defense Association, and the General Federation of Women's Clubs?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 71

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Cable Act?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 72

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Teapot Dome scandal?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 73

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the McNary-Haugen bills?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 74

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Great Migration?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 75

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: Charles Forbes and Harry Daugherty?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 76

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the 1924 presidential election?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 77

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: President Warren G. Harding?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 78

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the Sheppard-Towner Act?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 79

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: the automobile?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.

Question 80

What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item: urbanization?
Instructions:
-Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.
-Explain the historical significance of each item. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.