Deck 12: Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice

Question 1

The term​ _____ refers to an orientation or set of beliefs that holds one's own group as superior to others.​

A) ​pluralism
B) ​ethnocentrism
C) bureaucratism
D) ​multiculturalism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

​The _____ is derived from the view that all people are a part of two systems: the dominant system and the nurturing system.

A) ​dual perspective concept
B) ​unified process
C) ​conflict perspective
D) ​quadrinity process

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the context of activism, the _____ is characterized by passionate rhetoric about how minorities are being victimized.

A) ​politics of creative disorder
B) ​politics of disorder
C) ​politics of liberation
D) ​politics of escape

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In 1996, voters in the state of California passed Proposition 209 that:

A) ​explicitly rejects the idea that women and other minority group members should receive special consideration when applying for jobs, government contracts, or university admission.
B) ruled that strict racial quotas are unconstitutional, but the use of race as a criterion in making admissions decisions in universities is allowed.
C) ​ruled that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.
D) ​explicitly rejects the idea of making bilingual/bicultural education mandatory in public schools.

Question 5

​Tribal sovereign status, mentioned by the Council on Social Work Education (2015) in Educational Policy, is a rather unique status that is held by _____.

A) ​Arab Americans
B) ​Native Americans
C) ​Hispanics
D) ​African Americans

Question 6

​As described by Robert Merton, the _____, in both belief and practice, upholds American ideals of freedom and equality.

A) ​prejudiced discriminator
B) ​unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C) ​unprejudiced discriminator
D) ​prejudiced nondiscriminator

Question 7

​According to T. W. Adorno et al., the authoritarian personality:

A) ​is flexible and has a high tolerance for uncertainty.
B) has a great respect for authority figures and quickly submits to their will.
C) ​appreciates and encourages unconventional behavior in others.
D) respects members of minority groups.

Question 8

​In the context of the background of racial groups, all of the following statements are true except that:

A) ​the United States has always been a racist nation.
B) ​the economy of the United States prior to the Civil War depended heavily on slavery.
C) ​the largest racial group in the United States is the Native American race.

Question 9

The "Jim Crow" was a rigid caste system that:

A) ​prescribed how Latinos were supposed to act in the presence of Whites.
B) embraced racial equality.
C) ​asserted White supremacy.
D) ​granted political and legal rights to African Americans.

Question 10

​All of the following statements are true of discrimination in the United States except that:

A) ​it is a barrier in the competitive society.
B) ​it has heavy psychological costs.
C) ​it strengthens some of the political goals of the United States.
D) ​it decreases the life expectancy of non-Whites.

Question 11

​All of the following statements are true of reservations for Native Americans except that:

A) ​Native Americans on reservations have high rates of suicide, alcoholism, illiteracy, poverty, homicide, child neglect, and infant mortality.
B) ​segregation to reservations has enabled Native Americans to retain their pride and sense of self-worth.
C) ​government programs now attempt to meet the subsistence needs of Native Americans.
D) ​today, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has become a symbol of frustration and despair.

Question 12

​Which of the following statements is true of Arab Americans and American Muslims?

A) ​Most Arab Americans are Muslims.
B) ​Many Arab Americans are Christians.
C) ​Most Muslim Americans are of Arab background.
D) ​Arab Americans are a religious group.

Question 13

​​In the context of discrimination, Robert Merton describes the _____ as a person who feels hostile to other groups but recognizes that law and social pressures are opposed to overt discrimination.

A) ​prejudiced discriminator
B) ​unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C) ​unprejudiced discriminator
D) ​prejudiced nondiscriminator

Question 14

​The concept of _____ involves one's perceptions of oneself in relation to other people, objects, institutions, and nature.

A) ​self-discovery
B) ​worldview
C) ​Eurocentrism
D) ​familism

Question 15

In contrast to ethnocentrism, _____ is more likely to be based on physical differences than on cultural differences.

A) ​familism
B) ​authoritarianism
C) ​multiracialism
D) ​racism

Question 16

_____ are generalizations, or assumptions, that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image, often wrong, about what people in a group are like.

A) ​Stressors
B) ​Moieties
C) ​Stereotypes
D) ​Norms

Question 17

​All of the following statements are true of Japanese Americans during World War II except that:

A) they severely felt the impact of prejudice and war hysteria.
B) ​they were not allowed to serve in the U.S. armed forces.
C) ​they were denied of their civil rights and were forced to sell their property.

Question 18

​The term _____ refers to a group of people of a distinct religious, ethnic, or other group that is smaller or less powerful than society's controlling group.

A) ​race
B) cluster
C) ​minority
D) ​ethnicity

Question 19

​All of the following are examples of institutional racism except:

A) a White terrorist group bombing an African American church and killing five black children.
B) a human services agency encouraging White applicants to request funds for special needs or to use certain services, whereas non-White clients not being informed of such services.
C) a family counseling agency with branch offices assigning its less skilled counselors and thereby providing lower-quality services to an office located in a minority neighborhood.

Question 20

​_____ refers to discriminatory acts and policies against a racial group that pervade the major macrosystems of society, including the legal, political, economic, and educational systems.

A) ​Institutional racism
B) ​Scientific racism
C) Individual racism
D) ​Reverse racism

Question 21

​Arab Americans constitute about 40% of the U.S. population.

Question 22

During the slave trade that was in existence prior to the Civil War, slaves in the United States were viewed not as human beings but as chattel to be bought and sold.

Question 23

According to Robert Merton, prejudice and discrimination are intertwined and hence cannot occur independently.

Question 24

​In the context of the patterns of intergroup relations, Milton Gordon states that _____ assumes the desirability of maintaining modified English institutions, language, and culture as the dominant standard in American life.

A) ius publicum
B) ​Anglo-conformity
C) ​the melting pot
D) ​cultural pluralism

Question 25

​According to T. W. Adorno et al., the authoritarian personality values unconventional behavior and feels threatened by conventional behavior in others.

Question 26

​Following the Civil War, the federal government developed a comprehensive program to provide economic and educational aid to African Americans.

Question 27

Individual racism is defined as the negative attitudes one person has about all members of a racial or ethnic group, often resulting in overt acts such as name-calling, social exclusion, or violence.

Question 28

​According to T. W. Adorno et al., the authoritarian personality is inflexible and rigid and has a low tolerance for uncertainty.

Question 29

​​In 2001, the National Association of Social Workers approved all of the following standards for cultural competence in social work practice except:

A) ​empowerment and advocacy.
B) ​professional education.
C) ​legal assistance.
D) ​service delivery.

Question 30

​According to Milton Gordon, _____ is a concept that views the future American society not as a modified England but rather as a totally new blend, both culturally and biologically, of all the various groups that inhabit the United States.

A) ​the authoritarian personality
B) ​Anglo-conformity
C) ​the melting pot
D) cultural pluralism

Question 31

​The influence of the "one true religion" has led to an extensive number of wars between societies that each thought its religion was superior.

Question 32

There is a danger that presenting descriptive information about a group may lead to negative stereotyping and then overt discrimination.

Question 33

The 2000 census showed that there are more African Americans living in the United States than Latinos.

Question 34

​_____ counters oppression and poverty by helping ethnic groups and their members to increase their ability to make and implement basic life decisions.

A) ​Stereotyping
B) ​Racial segregation
C) ​Empowerment
D) ​Ethnocentrism

Question 35

De jure discrimination refers to discrimination that actually exists, whether legal or not.

Question 36

​Islam is second to Christianity in number of followers among the world's religions.

Question 37

De facto discrimination is legal discrimination.

Question 38

​Intersectionality is a theory to analyze how social and cultural categories intertwine.

Question 39

Ethnic-sensitive social work practice:

A) ​requires that social workers be aware of and seek to redress the oppression experienced by ethnic groups.
B) uses medical principles and approaches for the delivery of services.
C) ​largely ignores environmental factors that impact the person-in-situation.
D) emphasizes the shortcomings of a person and focuses on identifying problems within a person.

Question 40

​​Unlike discrimination, racial prejudice involves physical actions against a minority group.

Question 41

​The Africentric perspective views oppression and alienation as the major sources of human problems in the United States.

Question 42

​Describe the following causes of racial discrimination and oppression in the society: projection, authoritarianism, and socialization patterns.

Question 43

​A major dilemma with affirmative action programs is that preferential hiring and quota programs create reverse discrimination.

Question 44

​In the context of community development, the deficiency model focuses on the development of policies and activities based on the assets, skills, and capacities of lower income people and their neighborhoods.

Question 45

How does the belief in the "one true religion" cause racial prejudice?

Question 46

​What is meant by the term institutional racism? Give examples.

Question 47

​Define and describe ethnic group and ethnocentrism.

Question 48

"Jim Crow" was a caste system that was used to "teach" African Americans to view themselves as inferior and to be servile and passive in interactions with Whites.

Question 49

​A major turning point in civil rights history was the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

Question 50

The Latino population in the United States is decreasing at a faster rate than the rest of the population due to a tendency to have small families.

Question 51

​Affirmative action programs provide preferential hiring and admission requirements for minority applicants.

Question 52

Distinguish between the terms prejudice and discrimination.

Question 53

​Jokes and sarcastic remarks related to race help shape and perpetuate racist stereotypes and prejudices.

Question 54

​Relations between Whites and Mexican Americans have always been cordial and peaceful.

Question 55

The largest Latino group in the United States is Mexican Americans, which is a result of their long history of settlement and land ownership in the United States.

Question 56

​The island of Puerto Rico is in a commonwealth arrangement with the United States.

Question 57

For many years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) had programs designed to destroy Native American culture, religion, and language.

Question 58

In the context of activism, the politics of disorder is based on the concept of nonviolent resistance.

Question 59

To become culturally competent, social workers need to learn about their own cultures and acquire cultural knowledge about their clients.

Question 60

​Social justice is an ideal condition in which all members of a society have the same basic rights, protection, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits.

Question 61

Discuss the effects and costs of racial discrimination and oppression.

Question 62

​Describe the concept of intersectionality.

Question 63

​Describe the Africentric perspective.

Question 64

​Describe ethnic-sensitive social work practice.

Question 65

​​In the context of community development, describe the asset-based model.

Question 66

​What are the three possible patterns of intergroup relations as described by Milton Gordon?

Question 67

​​List any five standards for cultural competence in social work practice as approved by the National Association of Social Workers in 2001.

Question 68

​Do you support or oppose present-day affirmative action programs? Why?

Question 69

​Summarize the five strengths identified by the National Urban League that allow African American families to function effectively in a racist society.