Exam 12: Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice

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​_____ refers to discriminatory acts and policies against a racial group that pervade the major macrosystems of society, including the legal, political, economic, and educational systems.

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A

​Define and describe ethnic group and ethnocentrism.

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An ethnic group is a distinct group of people who share cultural characteristics, such as religion, language, dietary practices, national origin, and a common history, and who regard themselves as a distinct group. An ethnic group has a sense of togetherness, a conviction that its members form a special group, and a sense of common identity or "peoplehood."
Practically every ethnic group has a strong feeling of ethnocentrism, which is characterized or based on the belief that one's own group is superior. Ethnocentrism leads members of ethnic groups to view their culture as the best, as superior, as the one that other cultures should adopt. Ethnocentrism also leads to prejudice against foreigners, who may be viewed as barbarians, uncultured people, or savages. Feelings of ethnic superiority within a nation are usually accompanied by the belief that political and economic domination by one's own group is natural, morally right, in the best interest of the nation, and perhaps also God's will.

​A major turning point in civil rights history was the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

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​Following the Civil War, the federal government developed a comprehensive program to provide economic and educational aid to African Americans.

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​Tribal sovereign status, mentioned by the Council on Social Work Education (2015) in Educational Policy, is a rather unique status that is held by _____.

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​The Africentric perspective views oppression and alienation as the major sources of human problems in the United States.

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​According to T. W. Adorno et al., the authoritarian personality:

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​As described by Robert Merton, the _____, in both belief and practice, upholds American ideals of freedom and equality.

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​Relations between Whites and Mexican Americans have always been cordial and peaceful.

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How does the belief in the "one true religion" cause racial prejudice?

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​All of the following statements are true of reservations for Native Americans except that:

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​What are the three possible patterns of intergroup relations as described by Milton Gordon?

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​The term _____ refers to a group of people of a distinct religious, ethnic, or other group that is smaller or less powerful than society's controlling group.

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Discuss the effects and costs of racial discrimination and oppression.

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​Do you support or oppose present-day affirmative action programs? Why?

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De facto discrimination is legal discrimination.

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There is a danger that presenting descriptive information about a group may lead to negative stereotyping and then overt discrimination.

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In contrast to ethnocentrism, _____ is more likely to be based on physical differences than on cultural differences.

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​Arab Americans constitute about 40% of the U.S. population.

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​Social justice is an ideal condition in which all members of a society have the same basic rights, protection, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits.

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