Deck 4: Physical and Cognitive Development in the Infancy and Toddlerhood Years

Question 1

Exogenous stimulation is​

A) ​external to the baby.
B) ​internal to the baby.
C) ​always involves vision.
D) ​occurs when a baby senses its mother is nearby.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following are examples of modalities of sensation for infants except​

A) ​discriminative touch.
B) ​pain and temperature.
C) ​neophobia.
D) ​proprioception.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The teething process begins at 5-9 months.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Social learning theorists believe that language is an inborn system and that the human brain is innately wired for language.

Question 5

An infant can learn to speak without connecting sounds to objects and events.

Question 6

Taste and smell are chemosensory sensations.

Question 7

The scale that is used to test infants' intelligence is called​

A) ​Stanford-Binet.
B) ​MMPI.
C) ​the Bayley III.
D) ​This is a trick question; there is no way to test an infant's intelligence.

Question 8

When toddlers are just over 1 year old, they will usually be able to produce 50 words, without being able to comprehend 50 words.

Question 9

The __________ reflex is characterized by an infant stretching and scrunching his toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked.​

A) ​diving
B) ​blinking
C) ​Babinski
D) ​moro

Question 10

Behaviorists believe that language is acquired and shaped through operant conditioning.

Question 11

All of the following concepts are important to think about when discussing the dynamic systems perspective of physical development, except​

A) ​the baby learns to move her body in relation to the environment she is in.
B) ​a caregiver can assist a baby in learning important skills (like holding up her head) with play and exercises.
C) ​culture can affect early development.
D) ​that when a baby has not developed full use of the pincer grasp by 5 months, she could be at risk for a developmental delay.

Question 12

There is no need for counselors to be sensitive to variations in parenting. Counselors know best.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an advantage of breastfeeding?​

A) ​Decreased chance of contracting chicken pox
B) ​Strengthened immune system
C) ​Minimized change of having allergies
D) ​Lessened risk of sudden infant death syndrome

Question 14

Gross motor skills are small, detailed skills that include writing, drawing, and grasping.

Question 15

An infant develops color vision​

A) ​immediately after birth.
B) ​by 4 months.
C) ​by 6 months.
D) ​by 9 months.

Question 16

All of the following are components of spoken language except​

A) ​spelling.
B) ​phonology.
C) ​semantics.
D) ​syntax.

Question 17

A baby's sensation can be exogenous, external to the baby, or endogenous, internal to the baby.

Question 18

Which of the following pairs of reflexes are integral to an infant's ability to fulfill his or her need to eat?​

A) ​Diving reflex; blink reflex
B) ​Grasping reflex; rooting reflex
C) ​Sucking reflex; rooting reflex
D) ​Babinski reflex; Moro reflex

Question 19

Parents who use elimination communication sometimes begin this relationship during the first month of the infant's life.

Question 20

__________ refer(s) to large muscle movements.​

A) ​Gross motor skills
B) ​Fine motor skills
C) ​Dynamic systems perspective
D) ​Locomotion

Question 21

Imagine yourself as a first-time parent. Explain which techniques you would use when it comes to feeding, talking to, and handling bladder and bowel control of your baby. Discuss your rationale for these choices.

Question 22

Discuss the sensory development and capabilities of an infant in terms of vision, hearing, taste, smell, or touch (pick one).

Question 23

Parents may find it helpful to keep a journal of when their child starts to babble. If a child doesn't begin to produce babbling sounds by _________, the child could be at risk for language-related disorders.​

A) ​6 months
B) ​10 months
C) ​4 months
D) ​8 months

Question 24

Children who experience "food insecurity" are at a higher risk to develop​

A) ​leukemia.
B) ​the flu.
C) ​anemia.
D) ​measles.

Question 25

Give an example of and discuss one possible cultural concern related to breastfeeding versus bottle-feeding.​

Question 26

Which is not a sign that a child may be ready for toilet training?​

A) ​Able to speak in full sentences
B) ​Predictable bowel movements
C) ​Asks to wear big kid underwear
D) ​Can follow simple instructions

Question 27

The most common vegetable fed to 18-month-olds is​

A) ​peas.
B) ​carrots.
C) ​French fries.
D) ​broccoli.

Question 28

When toddlers are around 2 years old and begin to speak in phrases (but omit nonessential words like "the" or "to"), it is called​

A) ​overextension.
B) ​telegraphic speech.
C) ​first words.
D) ​whining.

Question 29

________ is a concept developed by Piaget that describes a child's ability to acknowledge that an object exists even when it is out of sight.​

A) Sensorimotor​
B) ​Circular reactions
C) ​Object permanence
D) ​Information processing

Question 30

When it comes to information processing, __________ is the ability to remember a previous event, whereas __________ is the act of retrieving information from storage in the brain.​

A) ​object categorization; object permanence
B) ​encoding; storing
C) ​memories; foreshadowing
D) ​recognition; recall

Question 31

Which two senses are referred to as "chemosensory?"​

A) ​Sight and hearing
B) ​Taste and sight
C) ​Smell and taste
D) ​Touch and hearing

Question 32

Using multiple senses at once is called​

A) ​Amodal perception.
B) ​Intermodal perception.
C) ​Discriminative perception.
D) ​Atypical perception.

Question 33

Who is most likely to be a perpetrator for shaken baby syndrome?​

A) ​The baby's mother
B) ​An unrelated babysitter
C) ​The baby's father/stepfather
D) ​A grandparent

Question 34

Describe the three theories of language development, and explain which one seems the most feasible to you as a counselor.

Question 35

Consider how the baby's emerging emotions relate to John Bowlby's phases of parent-child attachment. How does an infant's or toddler's portrayal of emotion have evolutionary benefits for both the child and parent?