Deck 9: Homeostasis and Behavior

Question 1

The primary trigger for glucagon release is

A) glycogenolysis.
B) lipolysis.
C) high insulin levels.
D) low insulin levels.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which will increase body weight?

A) Estrogen injections
B) Progesterone injections
C) Ovariectomy plus estrogen injections
D) Blockade of lipoprotein lipase activity

Answer 2

B

Question 3

During what stage of the ovarian cycle is food intake and body mass lowest?

A) Estrus
B) Diestrus
C) Proestrus
D) None of the above; food intake and body weight is the same across the cycle.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Your roommate's pizza has just arrived. You didn't think you were hungry before, but now that you can smell it you're suddenly ravenous. What hormone is responsible for this sudden hunger?

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Cortisol

Question 5

Destruction of what part of the brain will cause an individual to eat to obesity?

A) Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
B) Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
C) Preoptic area of the hypothalamus
D) Amygdala

Question 6

Insulin and leptin act in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to suppress the production of

A) POMC.
B) CART.
C) NPY/AgRP.
D) GnRH.

Question 7

In rats, the hormone cholecystokinin

A) initiates hunger.
B) will induce cessation of eating.
C) will induce cessation of eating even when the vagus nerve is cut.
D) has rewarding properties similar to opiates.

Question 8

Why can't survivors on a lifeboat drink seawater to survive?

A) The salt in seawater blocks vasopressin release.
B) Seawater induces volemic thirst.
C) Seawater induces osmotic thirst.
D) Both a and b

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by

A) low insulin levels.
B) high insulin levels.
C) an overproduction of ADH.
D) an absence of ADH production.

Question 10

The subfornical organ

A) contains osmoreceptors.
B) is involved in male avian reproductive behavior.
C) signals the lateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus to produce ADH.
D) produces ADH in response to osmotic thirst.

Question 11

Syrian hamsters prefer sweet over salty because they

A) have low blood sugar.
B) have adapted to avoid salt in their native desert environment.
C) are born without adrenal glands.
D) have high estrogen levels.

Question 12

Loss of blood will result in

A) osmotic thirst.
B) cholecystokinesis.
C) adrenalectomy.
D) volemic thirst.

Question 13

How does angiotensin II contribute to thirst?

A) It signals satiation to the brain via the vagus nerve.
B) It causes the secretion of renin by the kidneys.
C) It eventually stimulates the lateral hypothalamus.
D) It causes the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands.

Question 14

Thirst due solely to water loss or consumption of salt is initiated by

A) cells in the OVLT.
B) baroreceptors in the heart.
C) baroreceptors in the kidney.
D) aldosterone.

Question 15

List five hormones involved in the regulation of food intake.

Question 16

Describe the set-point concept of homeostasis and why it may be less useful when considering energy balance?

Question 17

Describe two hormones that increase food intake, and two that decrease it.

Question 18

Describe how two hormones act on neuropeptidergic systems in the arcuate nucleus to control hunger.

Question 19

How could a hormone influence CNS processes such as food intake if it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?

Question 20

Describe the endocrine modulation of food intake.

Question 21

Many hormones that are found in the digestive tract have also been found in the brain. Describe two of these hormones and discuss what they do in the gut and the brain.

Question 22

Compare and contrast volemic and osmotic thirst, making sure to discuss how the endocrine system is differentially involved.

Question 23

You had Chinese food for dinner and your roommate had chicken-fried steak with mashed potatoes and gravy. Two hours later you are hungry again, but they are not. If you both ate the same amount of food, in endocrine terms, how could this happen?

Question 24

For hypovolemic thirst, what is the result of kidney barorecpetors being activated? Describe the cascade of hormonal and neural events that ultimately result in thirst, water and salt retention, and salt hunger.