Deck 1: The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

Question 1

The primary difference between hormones and neurotransmitters is that

A) hormones are peptides and neurotransmitters are amines.
B) neurotransmitters are smaller molecules than hormones.
C) neurotransmitters are secreted into the blood and hormones are secreted by glands.
D) hormones are secreted into the blood.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Hormones are secreted

A) by every cell in the body.
B) into the circulatory system by glands.
C) into the synaptic cleft by ducts.
D) only during prenatal development.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a level of analysis as described by Tinbergen in 1951?

A) Cognitive level
B) Immediate causation
C) Evolution
D) Ontogeny

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The results of Berthold's famous study determined that

A) roosters need adrenal glands.
B) the testes produced a substance that supported male traits, including behavior.
C) the testes need a neural connection to support male traits, including behavior.
D) roosters mate with multiple hens.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best evidence of hormone-behavior interactions?

A) The behavior in question should fade away after the hypothalamus is removed.
B) Hormonally-dependent behavior ought to disappear when the source of the hormone is removed.
C) Removal of any hormone should have a behavioral effect.
D) After a hormonally-dependent behavior stops after the source of the hormone is removed, blocking the hormones receptors should reinstate the behavior.

Question 6

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 2003) that causes hypophysiotropic hypogonadism in both mice and humans?

A) Bombesin
B) Kisspeptin
C) ob
D) CCK

Question 7

Which technique requires antibodies?

A) Optogenetics
B) Autoradiography
C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
D) In situ hybridization

Question 8

Hormones may affect behavior by affecting any of the following, except

A) sensory systems.
B) gene expression.
C) neuronal development.
D) environmental stimuli.

Question 9

Which statement is not true of hormones?

A) They are organic products.
B) They are secreted into the circulatory system.
C) They typically bind with cytokines to have a biological effect.
D) They interact with specific receptors.

Question 10

Castrati were generally

A) castrated before puberty.
B) baritones.
C) fathers of large families.
D) very aggressive.

Question 11

All of the following qualify as behavior, except

A) A flock of geese flying in V formation
B) A child jumping rope
C) A bee collecting pollen
D) An endocrine gland releasing hormones

Question 12

In pharmacological manipulations, agonists

A) block the effects of hormones.
B) are always administered orally.
C) mimic the effects of hormones.
D) ablate hormone receptors.

Question 13

A chimera

A) is a bird with unusual song patterns.
B) is always sterile.
C) never naturally occurs.
D) has more than one genotype for a trait.

Question 14

Hormone antagonists

A) harm their targets.
B) mimic hormones and neurotransmitters.
C) block the action of hormones and neurotransmitters.
D) locate specific nucleic acids.

Question 15

Which of the following terms does not refer to a genetically manipulated animal used in behavioral endocrinology research?

A) Capon
B) Knockout
C) Transgenic
D) Chimera

Question 16

Which combination of techniques would be used to study the testosterone content in a given blood sample and the location of receptors for that particular hormone in the brain?

A) Immunocytochemistry and ablation
B) Radioimmunoassay and autoradiography
C) Radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay
D) Microdialysis and autoradiography

Question 17

One drawback of using electrolytic lesions in studies of hormones and behavior is that these lesions

A) only temporarily eliminate brain areas.
B) only destroy fibers in the area being lesioned.
C) alter the hormonography of the hormoresponsive zone.
D) destroy both fibers and cell bodies in the lesioned area.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between neural and hormonal communication?

A) Neurotransmitters act on G-protein-coupled receptors and hormones do not.
B) Neurotransmitters affect target cells rapidly; hormone effects are typically slow.
C) All hormones and neurotransmitters are produced from cholesterol.
D) Neurotransmitters affect receptors, but hormones do not.

Question 19

List three advantages and three disadvantages of using nonhuman animals in behavioral endocrinology research.

Question 20

List two differences and one similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Question 21

List two examples of how hormones can affect behavior and two examples of how behavior can affect hormones.

Question 22

List six common techniques used in the study of behavioral endocrinology.

Question 23

SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Briefly describe Berthold's experiment on roosters. What was the main finding?

Question 24

In lesion studies or studies of animals with specific genes deleted, behavioral tests study the effects of the missing brain region or the missing gene, respectively. Discuss how these conceptual shortcomings can be overcome in evaluating the results of studies using these types of procedures.

Question 25

What does an fMRI measure and how has it advanced the field of behavioral neuroendocrinology?

Question 26

Briefly describe the general pathway a hormone takes to reach a target cell, from the production of the hormone to the response of the target cell.

Question 27

Describe how you might use an optogenetic approach to explore a question of interest in behavioral endocrinology. What are the advantages of using such an approach relative to more classical approaches such as lesions and pharmacology? What are the disadvantages?