Deck 13: Corporate Crime and the Regulation of Ecocide

Question 1

What is men's rea in the context of criminal law?

A) An individual who contributes to an offence but is not directly responsible/involved
B) An individual is unaware that a crime was being committed
C) An individual has knowledge that their action/lack of action would cause a crime to be committed
D) An individual has knowledge that a crime was committed

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following best describes 'ecocide'?

A) Human activity that causes extensive damage to ecosystems and/or harms the health and well-being of a species
B) The human activity that contributes to the health and well-being of humans and non-human animals
C) The human activity that benefits ecosystems
D) Non-human animal activity that damages ecosystems

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What does 'joint enterprise' mean in the context of criminal justice

A) An individual who contributes to an offence but is not directly responsible/involved
B) An individual is unaware that a crime was being committed
C) An individual has knowledge that their action/lack of action would cause a crime to be committed
D) An individual has knowledge that a crime was committed

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of how corporations avoid responsibility for potential ecocide harms?

A) Fabrication of evidence regarding the health impacts of a product
B) Manufacturing of potentially deadly products
C) Dismissal of scientific evidence that a product is harmful
D) Announcing that they are looking to a non-harmful alternative product while expanding the market for the known harmful product

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of the structural limitation of regulating ecocide caused by corporations?

A) The effects of ecocide are often not immediate
B) The defunding of the UK environmental agency
C) It is often difficult to identify a lack of action/series of reckless acts occurring at different points in the hierarchy of an organization
D) Re-establishing ecocide as a crime would make corporations and individuals more accountable for their ecocidal actions and inactions.

Question 6

What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to be produced by just 100 corporations?

A) 68%
B) 57%
C) 71%
D) 98%

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 phases of pre-meditated corporate crime?

A) Corporations take action to ensure the market for its products expands
B) Major corporations manufacture projects they either know/don't know are deadly
C) The political policy sees regulation as a burden on business
D) Medical and scientific evidence is demeaned

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an argument for why deterrence theory should be primarily applied to corporate crime?

A) Those deterrence theories currently targets the most don't have the resources to make rational choices about committing a crime
B) Corporations have a high motivation to consider the long-term consequences of their actions
C) Corporations have the resources, time and expertise to make informed rational choices about committing a crime
D) Deterrence theory is more effective for non-violent crimes

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental harm mostly perpetuated by corporations?

A) Plastic pollution
B) Air pollution
C) Greenhouse gas emissions
D) Poaching

Question 10

How many frontline regulators are responsible for the enforcement of ecocide regulation of all corporations in the UK?

A) Little more than 10,000
B) Less than 100
C) Little more than 1000
D) Over 1 million