Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an argument for why deterrence theory should be primarily applied to corporate crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those deterrence theories currently targets the most don't have the resources to make rational choices about committing a crime 
B)  Corporations have a high motivation to consider the long-term consequences of their actions 
C)  Corporations have the resources, time and expertise to make informed rational choices about committing a crime 
D)  Deterrence theory is more effective for non-violent crimes 
A)  Those deterrence theories currently targets the most don't have the resources to make rational choices about committing a crime 
B)  Corporations have a high motivation to consider the long-term consequences of their actions 
C)  Corporations have the resources, time and expertise to make informed rational choices about committing a crime 
D)  Deterrence theory is more effective for non-violent crimes D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental harm mostly perpetuated by corporations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plastic pollution 
B)  Air pollution 
C)  Greenhouse gas emissions 
D)  Poaching 
A)  Plastic pollution 
B)  Air pollution 
C)  Greenhouse gas emissions 
D)  Poaching D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of the structural limitation of regulating ecocide caused by corporations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effects of ecocide are often not immediate 
B)  The defunding of the UK environmental agency 
C)  It is often difficult to identify a lack of action/series of reckless acts occurring at different points in the hierarchy of an organization 
D)  Re-establishing ecocide as a crime would make corporations and individuals more accountable for their ecocidal actions and inactions. 
A)  The effects of ecocide are often not immediate 
B)  The defunding of the UK environmental agency 
C)  It is often difficult to identify a lack of action/series of reckless acts occurring at different points in the hierarchy of an organization 
D)  Re-establishing ecocide as a crime would make corporations and individuals more accountable for their ecocidal actions and inactions. D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 phases of pre-meditated corporate crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corporations take action to ensure the market for its products expands 
B)  Major corporations manufacture projects they either know/don't know are deadly 
C)  The political policy sees regulation as a burden on business 
D)  Medical and scientific evidence is demeaned 
A)  Corporations take action to ensure the market for its products expands 
B)  Major corporations manufacture projects they either know/don't know are deadly 
C)  The political policy sees regulation as a burden on business 
D)  Medical and scientific evidence is demeaned

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of how corporations avoid responsibility for potential ecocide harms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fabrication of evidence regarding the health impacts of a product 
B)  Manufacturing of potentially deadly products 
C)  Dismissal of scientific evidence that a product is harmful 
D)  Announcing that they are looking to a non-harmful alternative product while expanding the market for the known harmful product 
A)  Fabrication of evidence regarding the health impacts of a product 
B)  Manufacturing of potentially deadly products 
C)  Dismissal of scientific evidence that a product is harmful 
D)  Announcing that they are looking to a non-harmful alternative product while expanding the market for the known harmful product

Question 6

How many frontline regulators are responsible for the enforcement of ecocide regulation of all corporations in the UK?

Accepted Answer

A)  Little more than 10,000 
B)  Less than 100 
C)  Little more than 1000 
D)  Over 1 million 
A)  Little more than 10,000 
B)  Less than 100 
C)  Little more than 1000 
D)  Over 1 million

Question 7

Which of the following best describes 'ecocide'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human activity that causes extensive damage to ecosystems and/or harms the health and well-being of a species 
B)  The human activity that contributes to the health and well-being of humans and non-human animals 
C)  The human activity that benefits ecosystems 
D)  Non-human animal activity that damages ecosystems 
A)  Human activity that causes extensive damage to ecosystems and/or harms the health and well-being of a species 
B)  The human activity that contributes to the health and well-being of humans and non-human animals 
C)  The human activity that benefits ecosystems 
D)  Non-human animal activity that damages ecosystems

Question 8

What is men's rea in the context of criminal law?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual who contributes to an offence but is not directly responsible/involved 
B)  An individual is unaware that a crime was being committed 
C)  An individual has knowledge that their action/lack of action would cause a crime to be committed 
D)  An individual has knowledge that a crime was committed 
A)  An individual who contributes to an offence but is not directly responsible/involved 
B)  An individual is unaware that a crime was being committed 
C)  An individual has knowledge that their action/lack of action would cause a crime to be committed 
D)  An individual has knowledge that a crime was committed

Question 9

What does 'joint enterprise' mean in the context of criminal justice

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual who contributes to an offence but is not directly responsible/involved 
B)  An individual is unaware that a crime was being committed 
C)  An individual has knowledge that their action/lack of action would cause a crime to be committed 
D)  An individual has knowledge that a crime was committed 
A)  An individual who contributes to an offence but is not directly responsible/involved 
B)  An individual is unaware that a crime was being committed 
C)  An individual has knowledge that their action/lack of action would cause a crime to be committed 
D)  An individual has knowledge that a crime was committed

Question 10

What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to be produced by just 100 corporations?

Accepted Answer

A)  68% 
B)  57% 
C)  71% 
D)  98% 
A)  68% 
B)  57% 
C)  71% 
D)  98%

Exam 13: Corporate Crime and the Regulation of Ecocide

Which of the following is NOT an argument for why deterrence theory should be primarily applied to corporate crime?

Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental harm mostly perpetuated by corporations?

Which of the following is NOT an example of the structural limitation of regulating ecocide caused by corporations?

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 phases of pre-meditated corporate crime?

Which of the following is NOT an example of how corporations avoid responsibility for potential ecocide harms?

How many frontline regulators are responsible for the enforcement of ecocide regulation of all corporations in the UK?

Which of the following best describes 'ecocide'?

What is men's rea in the context of criminal law?

What does 'joint enterprise' mean in the context of criminal justice

What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to be produced by just 100 corporations?

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