Deck 1: An Overview of Ethics

Question 1

Norms are formal rules that make social order possible.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The statuses we occupy over the course of our lives do not have norms attached to them.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Normative morality describes codes of conduct developed and put forth by a group (e.g., Judaism) or codes accepted by an individual as binding on her behavior (e.g., a Hasidic Jew).

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In many groups, etiquette may be considered part of the group's moral code.

Question 5

When "morality" is referring to a general code of conduct put forward by a group that is separate from etiquette, law, and religion, it is being used in a descriptive sense.

Question 6

Morality describes an all-encompassing code of conduct applicable to all who are rational, understand the rules, and are willing to abide by them.

Question 7

Ethics provides justifications for why behavior proscribed by morality should be proscribed.

Question 8

An example of a topic in normative ethics is whether morality exists

Question 9

Researchers in moral psychology differ on what motivates people to be moral.

Question 10

One debate among moral psychologists is over how men and women experience reality.

Question 11

One interest among moral psychologists is with determining whether morality is grounded in a distinctly male-centered (patriarchal) view of the world.

Question 12

Deontological ethics rejects consequences as the determining consideration for whether behavior is ethical or not.

Question 13

Virtue ethics suggests that duty to self and to others is key to living a proper life.

Question 14

Normative ethics develops codified (written) sets of principles, standards, or rules that apply to professionals.

Question 15

The values-predisposition perspective suggests that criminal justice practitioners (e.g., police officers) bring with them specific values that those choosing careers outside the criminal justice field do not necessarily possess.

Question 16

The occupational career of a criminal justice practitioner involves a process during which he or she is selected, trained, and socialized, that ultimately results in him or her reorganizing his or her identity as no longer that of a "citizen" but, for example, a "police officer" or "correctional officer."

Question 17

The crime control and due process "models" of the criminal justice process suggest that terminal and instrumental values have no place in the operation of the criminal justice system.

Question 18

Which of the following would be an example of a formal norm?

A) Using a salad fork at dinner
B) A man wearing a suit to a job interview
C) A law requiring a picture ID and other documents to vote
D) A woman's family being required to present a dowry to the prospective groom

Question 19

Which of the following would be an example of an ascribed status?

A) Crown prince
B) CEO of Apple
C) College professor
D) Homeless person

Question 20

Which of the following describes codes of conduct relevant only under specific conditions (e.g., a time of war) and would likely be agreed upon by most rational people?

A) Morality
B) Normative morality
C) Descriptive morality
D) Ethics

Question 21

Law involves which of the following?

A) Relatively significant penalties associated with violating them
B) Explicit written rules
C) Officials responsible for interpreting the rules
D) All of the above

Question 22

One who meets certain intellectual and volitional conditions, especially the condition of being rational, would be considered:

A) Legally sane
B) A morally fit person
C) A moral agent
D) None of the above

Question 23

Deep-seated and enduring beliefs that specific conduct or end-states of existence are personally and/or socially preferable are known as:

A) Religious tenets
B) Systems of ethics
C) Obligations
D) Moral values

Question 24

Ethics:

A) Is a branch of philosophy
B) Involves the systematic study of right and wrong behavior
C) Includes three subareas: metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics
D) All of the above

Question 25

Moral relativism suggests that:

A) Ethics are relative to time, place, and group
B) People create their own moral values and standards
C) The importance of moral obligations vary from time to time
D) None of the above

Question 26

Psychological egoism suggests people are moral because:

A) Doing so serves their own interests
B) Doing so serves the interests of the collective
C) Doing so is God's will
D) All of the above

Question 27

A core argument of a care-based system of ethics is that:

A) The moral person ignores circumstances and instead uses reason to make moral judgments
B) The moral person is concerned more with context and less with abstract rules
C) Morality stresses rights and duties rather than circumstances and emotions
D) Morality is grounded in and shaped by activities such as governing societies

Question 28

Which of the following is a branch of ethics that develops standards for morally acceptable conduct and justifies those standards using logic and reason?

A) Applied ethics
B) Metaethics
C) Normative ethics
D) Professional ethics

Question 29

Teleological ethics:

A) Stresses that potential outcomes of behavior determines the ethics of that behavior
B) First became popular in Western philosophy during the 18th and 19th centuries
C) Includes ethical egoism and Utilitarian ethics
D) All of the above

Question 30

According to deontological ethics:

A) Ethical behavior is determined by the possible consequences of behavior
B) Duty to others isn't important for determining the ethics of behavior
C) There are no universal standards for ethics
D) None of the above

Question 31

Applied ethics:

A) Is devoted to analyzing moral problems and the permissibility of specific actions or practices in certain areas of life such as economics or politics
B) Is interested in universal principles being used to guide the behavior of professionals such as lawyers
C) Would not be concerned with the ethics of eating meat or polluting the environment
D) None of the above

Question 32

The values-learned perspective suggests:

A) Practitioners bring to their jobs a specific set of values learned from family and community
B) Practitioners' values are no different than those of people not involved with the criminal justice system
C) Values possessed by criminal justice practitioners are learned through a process of socialization occurring during hiring and training
D) None of the above

Question 33

The moral career of the criminal justice practitioner includes which of the following?

A) Apologia
B) Moral experiences
C) Stages
D) All of the above

Question 34

A key value of the crime control model includes:

A) Due process
B) Accountability
C) Constraining the police
D) Repression of crime and enhancement of public order

Question 35

__________ focuses on the potential outcomes of behavior, be they good or bad, to determine the ethics of behavior

Question 36

_________ argues that the potential consequences of behavior for the actor should be the determining consideration for whether the behavior is ethical.

Question 37

The development of standards for morally acceptable conduct is a characteristic of ________ ethics.

Question 38

__________ is the study of the origin, meaning, and logic behind the principles that shape ethics.

Question 39

______________ is a subarea in applied ethics that concerns itself with developing standards or codes of conduct for those involved in the practice of law and/or medicine.

Question 40

Distinguish morality from ethics. How are the two related? How do they differ?

Question 41

Contrast teleological and deontological ethics. What are their key guiding principles? What are some examples of systems of ethics associated with each?

Question 42

Compare a criminal justice practitioner's occupational career with his or her moral career. What are the key stages in each? Ultimately, what are the two trying to explain?

Question 43

Identify and briefly discuss the core instrumental and terminal values found in the crime control and due process models of the criminal justice process.