Deck 15: Extreme Forms of Everyday Behaviors: Working, Using the Internet, and Exercising

Question 1

Why do Humphrey and Schmalleger include extreme forms of everyday behaviors in the textbook?

A) They demonstrate the cultural, societal, and individual inclination toward deviant behavior.
B) Their textbook is grounded in the social reactionist perspective, which emphasizes everyday behavior.
C) They help us understand how everyday behaviors are guided by social norms and supported by cultural values.
D) They demonstrate that all forms of behavior can be deviant behavior.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes extreme forms of everyday behavior?

A) They are symptoms of a sick society.
B) They reflect moral weakness.
C) They are against the law.
D) They are not crimes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately explains the connection between social norms and everyday behaviors?

A) Social norms are not related to extreme forms of everyday behaviors.
B) Extreme forms of everyday behaviors are rigidly controlled by social norms.
C) Social norms guide our everyday behaviors.
D) Everyday behaviors, social norms, and social values can all be extreme forms of everyday behavior.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Sarah walks for 1 hr every morning, rain or shine. Benji, an Olympic gold medalist, treats exercise as his job, working with a trainer 10 hr a day to ensure a top-level performance. He has a hard time stopping, even to eat or sleep. Graciela, who is training for a Spartan Race, wakes up at 5

A) Benji and Graciela
B) Benji
C) Sarah and Graciela
D) Graciela

Question 5

Which of the following people is engaging in extreme forms of everyday behavior?

A) Annaliese is the coach of a roller derby league. She trains with her team almost every day, and they earn several trophies over the season.
B) Demarco works with computers. At times, he spends 14 or 15 hr a day on the Internet. He rarely stops to eat or socialize.
C) Vinnie develops carpal tunnel syndrome because he spends long hours on the computer as part of his information technology job.
D) Keisha works as a yoga instructor. She leads five or six classes a day, sometimes not finishing until after dinner.

Question 6

What is time-deepening?

A) taking short naps throughout the day
B) meditating
C) multitasking
D) practicing mindfulness

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of time-deepening?

A) Patrick split his day into segments, allocating his time in 15-min increments to various tasks to increase his overall productivity.
B) Molly eats with one hand while driving with the other, checking her phone for new text alerts every time she stops at a red light.
C) Daveed is expected to be on call for his job all day long, even nights and weekends.
D) Yolanda works a regular full-time job and drives for Uber and Lyft during her off hours for extra money.

Question 8

What is the source of the core values, hard work, thrift, and self-reliance that are present in U.S. culture?

A) the Code of Hammurabi
B) the Bill of Rights
C) the Constitution of the United States of America
D) the Protestant Ethic

Question 9

The components of the workaholic triad are work involvement, a feeling of being driven to work, and ______.

A) fear of not working
B) work anxiety
C) work enjoyment
D) a loss of interest in things that are not work related

Question 10

In the workaholic triad, what does "work enjoyment" refer to?

A) not enjoying work
B) enjoying work too much
C) rating work as the most highly enjoyed activity
D) enjoying work more than time with friends and family

Question 11

What three subtypes of Internet addiction are identified by Block?

A) avoidant, interruptive, and dysfunctional
B) excessive use, inappropriate use, and criminal use
C) pornography addiction, gambling addiction, and workaholism
D) excessive gaming, sexual preoccupations, and e-mail/text messaging

Question 12

When diagnosing Internet addiction, what does tolerance refer to?

A) requiring an increasing amount of computer time to feel satisfied
B) feelings of anger when denied computer access
C) increasing tendency to ignore people in favor of computer use
D) socializing only when computers are involved

Question 13

What is a key component of the World Health Organization definition of "gaming addiction?"

A) impairment to relationships as the result of gaming
B) spending more than 30% of income on gaming
C) prioritizing gaming over family and friends
D) preferring to game instead of work

Question 14

Ji-young is obsessed with seeking knowledge on the Internet. Every spare moment is spent searching the web for obscure facts and data. She does not leave her room for days at a time, completely lost in her research. What type of Internet addiction is this?

A) information overload
B) net compulsion
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) statistic-reliant

Question 15

What is one barrier to accurately diagnosing the rate of Internet addiction?

A) Those who suffer from Internet addiction tend to suffer from more than one diagnosable psychiatric disorder.
B) Very few doctors can accurately diagnose Internet addiction.
C) Internet addiction is a social construction, with widely varying diagnostic criteria.
D) The World Health Organization, American Psychological Association, and Center for Disease Control do not publish information on Internet addiction.

Question 16

What is the primary reason it is difficult to define what is considered an "extreme sport?"

A) They come from alternative subcultures.
B) the varying levels of danger
C) They are considered "underground" sports.
D) the wide variety

Question 17

How does Roberts explain the increasing popularity of extreme sports over time?

A) As Western, industrialized, nations became wealthier, people spent more money on sports.
B) As social policies increased overall safety, the need to create risk-taking opportunities increased.
C) As traditional media was replaced with streaming services, the need for additional content drove demand for extreme sports.
D) As corporations expanded their markets, they created niche markets centered on extreme sports.

Question 18

In Farley's typology, where do those who participate in extreme sports, such as free solo climbing, fit?

A) Type B
B) Type T-negative
C) Type T-positive
D) Type-SSSV

Question 19

In categorizing those who engage in high-risk sports and athletic events by Zuckerman's SSSV score, most are ______.

A) very low
B) very high
C) low on SSS; high on V
D) high on SSS; low on V

Question 20

How did Tomlinson categorize extreme sports?

A) by where they take place
B) by when they first developed
C) by age-group of participants
D) by how many people actively play

Question 21

Sociological theories have not been developed specifically for extreme sports. How do sociologists work around the lack of specific theories?

A) by focusing on sociological perspectives without using specific sociological theories
B) by treating extreme sports as traditional sports
C) by using sociological theories that focus on explaining traditional forms of deviance
D) by using psychological theories

Question 22

In Merton's typology, a person fitting into the ______ or ______ category is least likely to engage in extreme sports or workaholism.

A) conformist; ritualist
B) rebellion; retreatist
C) retreatist; innovation
D) innovation; rebellions

Question 23

Which theory primarily focuses on the way that extreme forms of everyday behavior can be adopted as alternatives to existing social relationships that create negative emotions and stress?

A) social integration
B) social bonds
C) reciprocity
D) strain

Question 24

Which theory might suggest that workaholism is learned when individuals interact with people who value work over social relationships, learn justifications for engaging in workaholic behaviors, and reward workaholic behaviors in a variety of ways?

A) reciprocity
B) differential association
C) rational choice
D) societal reaction

Question 25

According to the social reactionist perspective, what makes individuals more likely to engage in extreme sports?

A) watching extreme sports on television
B) joining a group of people already engaging in extreme sports
C) positive reinforcement for those already engaged in extreme sports
D) deciding the benefits of extreme sports outweigh the costs

Question 26

An Olympic athlete who exercises 8 hr a day provides an example of positive deviance.

Question 27

If Cheryl is simultaneously watching television, chatting on Facebook messenger, and folding laundry, she is engaged in time-deepening.

Question 28

Time-deepening is a form of positive deviance.

Question 29

Compared to other advanced industrial nations, workers in the United States now spend the most hours on the job.

Question 30

According to Robinson, "work addiction" and "workaholism" are two distinct diagnostic categories.

Question 31

In some countries, it is illegal to have employees work more than 35 hr a week.

Question 32

Work involvement, a feeling of being driven to work, and work enjoyment are the three components of the "workaholic triad."

Question 33

Gaming addiction is the least common form of Internet addiction.

Question 34

Net compulsion refers to the undue fascination with the availability of increasing amounts of information and data from around the world.

Question 35

Any sport, when overplayed by an individual, is clinically diagnosed as extreme sport addiction.

Question 36

It is hard to define what constitutes an "extreme sport," due in part to the wide variety of sports.

Question 37

Extreme sports first became popular in the 1980s.

Question 38

According to Agnew, the more strained social relationships become, the more likely that extreme forms of everyday behavior will occur.

Question 39

Becker would agree that rewarding those who take exercising to an extreme with an Olympic gold medal makes overexercising more likely.

Question 40

Sutherland would agree that associating with those who think using the Internet 12 hr a day is normal would increase the likelihood of Internet addiction.

Question 41

What is time-deepening?

Question 42

What do all sports defined as "extreme" have in common?

Question 43

Summarize causes and symptoms of the phenomenon called karoshi.

Question 44

What three forms of Internet addiction are recognized by Block?

Question 45

What is the primary reason people engage in extreme forms of everyday behavior according to the social reactionist theory?

Question 46

Distinguish between the four types of workaholics identified by Machlowitz.

Question 47

Distinguish between the four types of workaholics identified by Robinson.

Question 48

Describe the common characteristics of workaholics.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the four types of Internet addiction identified by the Center for Online Addiction.

Question 50

Apply the social reactionist theory to extreme work and Internet addiction.