Deck 9: Different Family Patterns

Question 1

Which are the two most common reasons that American adolescents live with only one of their biological parents?

A) Death of a parent and divorce
B) Unwed single parent and death of a parent
C) Parents living apart and unwed single parent
D) Unwed single parent and divorce

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Approximately what percent of children from divorced families develop serious adjustment problems?

A) 5 to 10
B) 20 to 25
C) 30 to 35
D) 40 to 45

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Approximately what percent of American adolescents below the age of 19 live with only their biological mothers?

A) 5
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Approximately what percent of American marriages end in divorce?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 5

Approximately what percent of American adolescents below the age of 19 live with only their biological fathers?

A) less than 5
B) 6 to 8
C) 8 to 10
D) 10 to 15

Question 6

Phoebe lives in poverty.If she is like the majority of adolescents who live in poverty,she lives with:

A) both biological parents.
B) at least one biological parent.
C) her biological mother only.
D) her biological father only.

Question 7

Trudy is like 95% of American adolescents below the age of 19 in that she lives with:

A) both biological parents.
B) at least one biological parent.
C) her biological mother only.
D) her biological father only.

Question 8

Martin is like nearly 30% of American adolescents below the age of 19 in that he lives with:

A) both biological parents.
B) at least one biological parent.
C) his biological mother only.
D) his biological father only.

Question 9

A meta-analysis has shown that children with divorced parents are more likely than children of continuously-married parents to:

A) have low academic achievement.
B) have low self-esteem.
C) have poor social relationships.
D) all of the above

Question 10

What is the most common reason that Asian American adolescents live with only one biological parent?

A) Parents divorce
B) A parent has died
C) Parents live apart
D) Unwed single mother

Question 11

Which of the following statements about children from divorced families is FALSE?

A) Adults whose parents divorced are less likely to attend college than adults whose parents remained married.
B) Adults whose parents divorced are more likely than adults raised in intact families to have children at an early age.
C) Girls' behavior tends to be more affected by divorce than does boys' behavior.
D) Long-term disruptions in sibling relationships occur more for adolescents whose parents divorce.

Question 12

Which of the following groups of adolescents is most likely to live with both biological parents?

A) Asian Americans
B) non-Hispanic White Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) African Americans

Question 13

Critics of Wallerstein and Blakeslee's study of divorce noted all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the sample was over represented by families that sought clinical help.
B) the sample was not selected on a probability basis.
C) there was no control group of non-divorced families.
D) the statistical methods were inappropriate.

Question 14

Burns and Dunlop reported that ten years after the divorce of adolescents' parents,many adolescents were still angry toward their:

A) mother.
B) father.
C) stepmother.
D) stepfather.

Question 15

Approximately what percent of American adolescents below the age of 19 live with at least one of their biological parents?

A) 95
B) 80
C) 70
D) 55

Question 16

In non-Hispanic Caucasian homes,the most common reason for adolescents living with one parent is:

A) death of a parent.
B) unwed single parent.
C) divorce.
D) parents living apart.

Question 17

Burns and Dunlop found that after a few years,the sadness and shock experienced by adolescents over their parents' divorce:

A) had greatly diminished.
B) were still present for females.
C) had increased.
D) remained at the same levels.

Question 18

Approximately what percent of children from divorced families do NOT exhibit any long-term behavior problems?

A) 75 to 80
B) 60 to 75
C) 55 to 60
D) 40 to 55

Question 19

Wallerstein and Blakeslee found that almost 50% of children whose parents divorced were worried,underachieving,and self-deprecating:

A) for about two years after the divorce.
B) only immediately after their parents' separation.
C) only when the divorce was adversarial.
D) even after they reached young adulthood.

Question 20

Elaine is like less than 5% of American adolescents below the age of 19 in that she lives with:

A) both biological parents.
B) at least one biological parent.
C) her biological mother only.
D) her biological father only.

Question 21

When a family is headed by grandparents,what percent of the time is the mother also present?

A) 95
B) 75
C) 50
D) 25

Question 22

What percent of births in the U.S.in 2006 were to unmarried women?

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 55

Question 23

Which of the following statements about divorce is FALSE?

A) Even if parents are having conflicts, it is better for the children if they stay married rather than get divorced.
B) The family's financial situation usually declines after a divorce.
C) Divorced parents tend to exert less control over their children than do non-divorced parents.
D) Children from divorced families are more likely than children from non-divorced families to have been raised by a substance-abusing parent.

Question 24

Gina is a single mother whose own mother has been patiently teaching her parenting and child-care skills so that Gina can eventually parent effectively on her own.This illustrates which helping arrangement?

A) Parental supplement
B) Supportive primary parenting
C) Parental apprentice
D) Parental replacement

Question 25

Which of the following is a confound in the research looking at children of divorced parents versus children of never-married,single mothers?

A) Ethnicity and race
B) SES
C) Parental age
D) all of the above

Question 26

Custody of children after a divorce is comprised of two issues,which are:

A) decisional custody and joint custody.
B) residential custody and decisional custody.
C) joint custody and legal custody.
D) legal custody and residential custody.

Question 27

Approximately what percent of children from non-divorced families develop serious adjustment problems?

A) 30
B) 19
C) 10
D) 3

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the three theories proposed for why individuals who are children of divorced parents have twice the risk of becoming divorced themselves?

A) Children of divorced parents imitate their parents' behavior.
B) Children of divorced parents enter into their own marriages with less commitment.
C) Children of divorced parents marry earlier.
D) Children of divorced parents have anger and resentment that carries over into their own marriages.

Question 29

After a divorce a woman's standard of living tends to:

A) increase 13%.
B) stay about the same as before the divorce.
C) decrease 36%.
D) decrease between 10% and 15%.

Question 30

Approximately what percent of American children lose all contact with their fathers within three years of a divorce?

A) 5 to 11
B) 18 to 25
C) 31 to 42
D) 48 to 57

Question 31

Right after a divorce,which of the following often occurs in terms of parenting?

A) Parents become less affectionate with their children.
B) Parents become less authoritarian.
C) Parents become more strict and consistent with rules.
D) all of the above

Question 32

After a divorce,the woman's standard of living typically declines ________%.

A) 13
B) 22
C) 36
D) 47

Question 33

The parental right to make decisions that affect the welfare of the child is called:

A) joint custody.
B) legal custody.
C) residential custody.
D) decisional custody.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about children of gay and lesbian parents is FALSE?

A) Most children raised by homosexual parents are themselves heterosexual.
B) Children raised by gay or lesbian parents tend to be slightly more depressed than children raised by heterosexual parents.
C) Children of homosexual parents have the same level of intelligence as children of heterosexual parents.
D) There are no personality differences between children of gay parents versus straight parents.

Question 35

JoEllen's mother and father both have the right to make decisions that affect her wellbeing,but JoEllen lives only with her mother.In this case,both of JoEllen's parents have:

A) joint legal custody.
B) joint residential custody.
C) joint residential and joint legal custody.
D) joint decisional custody.

Question 36

After their divorce,custodial mothers and their children move an average of _________ times in a 6-year period.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 37

In research on helping arrangements between inner-city,African American mothers and their own mothers,which helping arrangement was most common?

A) Parental supplement
B) Supportive primary parenting
C) Parental apprentice
D) Supportive secondary parenting

Question 38

A study by Apfel and Seitz found four different types of helping arrangements between inner-city,African American mothers and their own mothers.Which of the following is NOT one of those helping arrangements?

A) Parental supplement
B) Supportive primary parenting
C) Parental apprentice
D) Supportive secondary parenting

Question 39

DeYonna is a single mother who is responsible for all childcare duties but sometimes relies on her mother to babysit and to help with finances.This illustrates which helping arrangement?

A) Parental supplement
B) Supportive primary parenting
C) Parental apprentice
D) Parental replacement

Question 40

Apfel and Seitz found that the helping arrangement of parental replacement occurred in about _________ percent of the single-parent,African American families they studied.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 65

Question 41

What is the one clear advantage that single fathers have (over single mothers)in terms of raising their children?

A) Their children behave better at home.
B) They have better relationships with their children's teachers.
C) They are more likely to have custody of young children.
D) They are more likely to have adequate income.

Question 42

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Biological siblings raised together in stepfamilies are less close than those raised in intact families.
B) A majority of children whose parents remarry will gain a stepsibling or halfsibling.
C) Most stepsiblings get along reasonably well.
D) all of the above

Question 43

The most recent estimate is that almost _________ of all American children under age 18 will spend some time living in a stepfamily.

A) 1/8
B) 1/6
C) 1/4
D) 1/2

Question 44

Discuss Wallerstein and Blakeslee's findings about the long-term effects of parental divorce on children.What are some of the criticisms of this research?

Question 45

Approximately what percent of divorced women with children remarry within five years of their divorce?

A) 20
B) 50
C) 70
D) 85

Question 46

After the death of a parent,boys more than girls are likely to:

A) act out.
B) become depressed.
C) develop fears about the safety of the remaining parent.
D) all of the above

Question 47

Karen and her mother,Nicole,are sharing equally in the the parenting of Karen's son.What did Apfel and Seitz call this helping arrangement?

A) Parental supplement
B) Supportive primary parenting
C) Parental apprentice
D) Parental replacement

Question 48

Of the American children who live with only one parent,about one in ________ live with their fathers.

A) 9
B) 7
C) 5
D) 3

Question 49

Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is TRUE?

A) Stepfathers more than stepmothers have greater difficulty parenting their stepchildren than their biological children.
B) Noncustodial fathers stay more involved in their children's lives than noncustodial mothers do.
C) Girls' adjustment problems to stepparents are more negative and last longer than do boys' adjustment problems.
D) all of the above

Question 50

In terms of school achievement,drug use,and early pregnancy,stepchildren are most similar to children who:

A) are from single-parent homes.
B) are from intact homes.
C) are adopted.
D) have gay or lesbian parents.

Question 51

What are the four different reasons that adolescents live with only one biological parent? How are those reasons related to race,ethnicity,and SES?

Question 52

In research on helping arrangements between inner-city,African American mothers and their own mothers,what did the researchers call the arrangement when mothers and grandmothers essentially engaged in coparenting?

A) Parental supplement
B) Supportive primary parenting
C) Parental apprentice
D) Parental replacement

Question 53

Which of the following statements about divorce and remarriage in the U.S.is FALSE?

A) The divorce rate for second marriages is lower than the rate for first marriages.
B) Nearly a half of all marriages are second marriages for one or both partners.
C) Daughters more than sons have a difficult time adjusting to their mothers' remarriage.
D) Having children from a previous marriage increases the likelihood of divorce in remarried couples.

Question 54

Discuss some of the pre-divorce factors and post-divorce factors related to how divorce affects children.Give examples.

Question 55

Discuss some of the ethnic group differences in the U.S.regarding whether adolescents live with a)both biological parents,b)their mother only,c)their father only,or d)neither biological parent.What factors contribute to these racial/ethnic group differences?

Question 56

Which of the following statements about adopted adolescents is FALSE?

A) Children raised by both biological parents tend to do better in school than children who are adopted.
B) Adoptive families tend to be more stable than single-parent families.
C) A desire to search for their biological parents is normal and not an indication that adopted adolescents are unhappy or poorly adjusted.
D) Transracial adoptees feel worse about themselves than adoptees who are adopted by same-race parents.

Question 57

The negative effects of father absence on boys are lessened if boys have:

A) younger siblings.
B) an older male role model.
C) high SES.
D) all of the above

Question 58

What has research found about the differences between children of divorced families and children of non-divorced families?

Question 59

Approximately what percent of divorced women with children remarry within ten years of their divorce?

A) 55
B) 65
C) 75
D) 85

Question 60

Adolescents raised by single parents are less likely than adolescents raised by two parents to do well in school,especially in:

A) English.
B) math.
C) social studies.
D) science.

Question 61

Discuss the different forms of custody arrangements for children of divorced parents,including which arrangements are the most common in the U.S.and which are most beneficial.

Question 62

Discuss some of the reasons that stepparents likely find parenting stepchildren quite different from parenting their biological children.

Question 63

What has research found concerning the social,emotional,and behavioral characteristics of children raised by gay or lesbian parents versus children raised by heterosexual parents?

Question 64

Explain the differences between open adoptions and closed adoptions.

Question 65

Discuss the four different helping arrangements between single mothers and their own mothers that were found by Apfel and Seitz.Which ones were most common and what were the positive and negative outcomes of each kind?