Deck 14: Adolescent Stress and Alienation

Question 1

As pointed out in the text,adolescent problem behaviors tend to:

A) go away relatively quickly.
B) be due to cognitive immaturity.
C) cluster.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Before running away,most adolescents exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:

A) delinquent acts.
B) school problems.
C) problems with peers.
D) medical problems.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Survival sex is defined as:

A) earning money by selling sexual favors.
B) gaining protection from someone by giving that person sex.
C) exchanging sexual favors for food or shelter.
D) all of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

It is estimated that about one out of ______ American adolescents will run away at least once before their eighteenth birthday.

A) 3
B) 7
C) 16
D) 24

Question 5

Intent runaways:

A) want to leave home permanently.
B) intend to return home.
C) have drug problems.
D) believe street life is glamorous.

Question 6

Sixteen-year-old Dalia's parents have told her she must leave home because their poverty makes it impossible for them to support her anymore.Dalia is now living on the streets and is classified as a:

A) transferred runaway.
B) intent runaway.
C) transient runaway.
D) throwaway.

Question 7

Fifteen-year-old Julia packs her knapsack and heads to her friend's house for a couple days without telling her parents.What type of runaway is Julia?

A) Transferred
B) Intent
C) Transient
D) Unintentional

Question 8

What percent of American adolescent runaways return home within two days?

A) 50
B) 40
C) 30
D) 20

Question 9

What is the estimated percent of runaways that have been abused in some way?

A) 40
B) 60
C) 70
D) 90

Question 10

Adolescents who leave home because they are asked to or forced to are called:

A) incorrigibles.
B) runaways.
C) delinquents.
D) throwaways.

Question 11

The two primary classes of runaways are:

A) partial and full.
B) transferred and thrown out.
C) intentional and unintentional.
D) intent and transient.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the six reasons identified for adolescents' running away?

A) Parents can't cope with adolescents' homosexuality
B) Adolescents have been sexually abused by parents
C) Adolescents have been deserted by parents due to parental death or divorce
D) Parents discover that adolescents have been stealing from them

Question 13

Of all the background factors that relate to running away,the central reason is:

A) abuse of drugs and alcohol.
B) a dysfunctional home environment.
C) pressure from delinquent peers.
D) too much stress at school.

Question 14

What are the two reasons that adolescent problems tend to cluster?

A) Adolescents with problems are cognitively immature and succumb to peer pressure.
B) Adolescent problems have common causes and they can trigger each other.
C) Adolescent problems usually are caused by peers and peers can then trigger other behaviors.
D) Adolescents with problems have dysfunctional families as well as inherited abnormalities.

Question 15

Transient runaways:

A) want to leave home permanently.
B) intend to return home.
C) have drug problems.
D) believe street life is glamorous.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about street-living adolescents in the U.S.is FALSE?

A) Boys are more often robbed and beaten whereas girls are more often sexually assaulted.
B) Approximately 95% engage in prostitution or survival sex.
C) The mortality rate of street youth is estimated to be 40 times as high as that of at-home youth.
D) Approximately two-thirds of homeless youth are clinically depressed.

Question 17

Fourteen-year-old Jonah comes from an abusive household and has been saving up money so that he can escape the situation.He leaves and heads to a shelter for runaways where he spends several months while looking for work.What kind of runaway is Jonah?

A) Transferred
B) Intent
C) Transient
D) Unintentional

Question 18

Adolescents who express their pent up emotions by exhibiting behaviors such as truancy,promiscuity,theft,assault,rape,or suicide are said to be:

A) acting out.
B) mentally ill.
C) engaging in internalizing behaviors.
D) psychopaths.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about runaways is TRUE?

A) The majority of intent runaways say they tried to make their family situation work but they failed in their attempt.
B) Runaway boys generally report that they have controlling and punitive parents.
C) For most adolescents running away is a relatively spontaneous decision.
D) all of the above

Question 20

Approximately what percent of runaways are throwaways?

A) 23
B) 31
C) 44
D) 59

Question 21

In the U.S.,the overall suicide mortality rate:

A) decreases with age.
B) increases with age.
C) peaks during adolescence and then drops off slightly.
D) stays about the same throughout life.

Question 22

For American adolescents suicide is the ________-leading cause of death.

A) top
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the top three causes of death for American adolescents?

A) Suicide
B) Cancer
C) Murder
D) Accidents

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a point made by Vasa,Carlio,and Pine when they argued that SSRIs are beneficial for adolescents despite an increased suicide risk?

A) Even though the risk of suicide increases with SSRIs, it's only a 4% increase.
B) Other types of widely used antidepressants are more dangerous than SSRIs.
C) The suicide risk for adolescents taking SSRIs is less than that for untreated depressed adolescents.
D) Overall, there is a negative correlation between the number of prescriptions written to teens for SSRIs and the teen suicide rate.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Le Roux and Smith give for the increased number of street children around the world?

A) The breakdown of the traditional two-parent family
B) Drought
C) The breakdown of the traditional extended family
D) Urbanization/industrialization

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a reason that older adolescents are more likely than younger adolescents to commit suicide?

A) Older adolescents are more likely to have a psychological disorder.
B) Older adolescents have a greater number of risk factors for suicide.
C) Older adolescents have more advanced cognitive skills so can make effective suicide plans.
D) Older adolescents are more likely to have peers who help them with the suicide.

Question 27

In a 2007 study approximately what percent of American adolescents had actually made suicide plans?

A) 23
B) 11
C) 4
D) 1

Question 28

Approximately what percent of American teenagers have been clinically depressed at least once by the time they enter young adulthood?

A) 5 to 10
B) 15 to 20
C) 25 to 30
D) 35 to 40

Question 29

Which of the following statements about gender differences in depression is FALSE?

A) Girls' increased body dissatisfaction during adolescence likely relates to their increase in depression.
B) Boys are more likely than girls to cope with stress by using denial and avoidance.
C) Girls are more likely than boys to become depressed over stress that their loved ones are experiencing.
D) Boys who experience depression are more likely than girls to have that depression continue into adulthood.

Question 30

Which of the following coping strategies for stress is most associated with depression?

A) Avoidance
B) Distraction
C) Rumination
D) Denial

Question 31

Which of the following is a symptom of depression?

A) Hopelessness and helplessness
B) Self-critical thoughts
C) Aggressive behavior
D) all of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is a symptom more often associated with adolescent depression than with adult depression?

A) Physical ailments
B) Appetite loss
C) Fatigue
D) all of the above

Question 33

The U.S.government's researchers have determined that using SSRI antidepressants ______ the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents.

A) quadruples
B) triples
C) doubles
D) halves

Question 34

There is evidence and concern that which common treatment for depression can trigger suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents?

A) Amphetamines
B) Valium
C) SSRIs
D) all of the above

Question 35

In a 2007 study approximately what percent of American adolescents had seriously considered suicide?

A) 2
B) 8
C) 15
D) 27

Question 36

Which of the following do Le Roux and Smith blame for the increase in the number of street children across the world?

A) Drought
B) Urbanization/industrialization
C) The breakdown of the traditional extended family
D) all of the above

Question 37

Which age group of American males has the highest suicide rate?

A) Ages 15 to 24
B) Ages 45 to 54
C) Ages 65 to 74
D) Ages 85 and older

Question 38

Approximately what proportion of American adolescents who are clinically depressed have at least one other psychological disorder?

A) 4/5
B) 2/3
C) 1/2
D) 1/4

Question 39

Which of the following statements about gender differences in depression is TRUE?

A) During childhood depression is more common in girls than in boys.
B) Girls' greater depression during adolescence is likely due to hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle.
C) Girls are more likely to become depressed due to problems with social relationships than boys are.
D) all of the above

Question 40

In the U.S.suicide is third only to ________ as the leading cause of death among adolescents.

A) accidents and homicide
B) AIDS and homicide
C) cancer and accidents
D) heart disease and drug overdose

Question 41

For a female to be diagnosed as anorexic,she must exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:

A) an excessive fear of becoming fat.
B) a distorted body image.
C) 6% under normal body weight.
D) amenorrhea.

Question 42

Approximately what percent of homosexual adolescents in the U.S.attempt suicide?

A) 15
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60

Question 43

Najean is extremely underweight but perceives herself as fat.She also no longer has a menstrual cycle.It is likely that she would be diagnosed as:

A) bulimic.
B) anorexic.
C) either A or B
D) both A and B

Question 44

Girls are _________ likely as boys to attempt suicide.

A) just as
B) twice as
C) three times as
D) four times as

Question 45

Self-injurious behavior is closely linked with:

A) depression.
B) eating disorders.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) all of the above

Question 46

Research indicates that adolescent suicide is largely associated with:

A) chemical imbalances.
B) family processes.
C) peer associations.
D) cognitive immaturity.

Question 47

Approximately what percent of successful suicides are committed by boys rather than girls?

A) 55
B) 65
C) 75
D) 85

Question 48

The reason why males are more successful than females at committing suicide is that males:

A) become more deeply depressed than women.
B) don't wish to appear afraid of death.
C) try several times.
D) use more violent means.

Question 49

Which of the following is a reason that adolescents engage in self-mutilation?

A) It's a way to express pain in a visible way.
B) It's a way to control emotions.
C) It's a way to become emotionally numb.
D) all of the above

Question 50

What percent of people who commit suicide have a psychological disorder?

A) 90
B) 80
C) 70
D) 60

Question 51

Adolescent self-injury most often involves:

A) picking at one's wounds.
B) burning oneself.
C) cutting oneself with sharp objects.
D) deeply scratching oneself with one's fingernails.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about adolescent suicide is FALSE?

A) The majority of suicide attempts are spontaneous rather than planned.
B) Adolescent suicide is related to low parental monitoring.
C) Homosexual teens are more likely than heterosexual teens to commit suicide.
D) A disproportionate number of adolescents who commit suicide have a history of sexual abuse.

Question 53

In a great majority of cases,suicide attempts are:

A) made without clues as to what is about to happen.
B) considered in advance and weighed against other alternatives.
C) impulsive, spur-of-the-moment actions.
D) never mentioned to others beforehand.

Question 54

What is the estimate for the percent of the general,U.S.adolescent population who engage in self-injurious behavior?

A) From 2 to 13
B) From 14 to 39
C) From 40 to 57
D) From 58 to 72

Question 55

Adolescents of which ethnic group have the highest suicide rate?

A) Hispanic Americans
B) African Americans
C) non-Hispanic White Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 56

The adolescent suicide rate in the U.S.is approximately _______ deaths per 100,000.

A) 3
B) 10
C) 25
D) 35

Question 57

Which age group of American females has the highest suicide rate?

A) Ages 15 to 24
B) Ages 45 to 54
C) Ages 65 to 74
D) Ages 85 and older

Question 58

The two best predictors of suicide are:

A) drug abuse and clinical depression.
B) dysfunctional family and psychological disorders.
C) clinical depression and a previous suicide attempt.
D) previous suicide attempt and dysfunctional family.

Question 59

Research has found that when they injure themselves,most self-mutilators:

A) immediately regret it.
B) feel little or no pain.
C) tell or show a trusted friend.
D) all of the above

Question 60

An eating disorder that is sometimes referred to as "starvation sickness" is:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) diabetes.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) bulimia.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT one of the top five crimes for which American juveniles are arrested?

A) Motor vehicle theft
B) Arson
C) Vandalism
D) Drug abuse

Question 62

The most effective treatment for anorexia nervosa has been found to be:

A) family therapy.
B) behavior modification.
C) medical treatment.
D) individual counseling.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a status crime?

A) Truancy
B) Underage drinking
C) Violating curfew
D) Doing graffiti

Question 64

All of the following tend to be characteristics of bulimic females EXCEPT:

A) they are relatively outgoing.
B) they are perfectionists.
C) they have poor self-images.
D) they are unassertive.

Question 65

Some believe that sexual conflict is a central issue in anorexia,based on the fact that:

A) it appears at puberty.
B) it is associated with menstrual problems.
C) sexual activity makes it worse.
D) women are more affected than men.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about adolescent homicide in the U.S.is TRUE?

A) The juvenile homicide rate has continued to decrease since the early 1990s.
B) Females are more likely than males to be murdered.
C) The majority of adolescents who murder kill someone of a different race/ethnicity from their own.
D) all of the above

Question 67

Generally,in the U.S.when young people under age eighteen break the law,they are classified as:

A) criminals.
B) felons.
C) juvenile delinquents.
D) misdemeanors.

Question 68

Anorexia nervosa is associated with all of the following health problems EXCEPT:

A) abdominal stress.
B) constipation.
C) electrolyte abnormalities.
D) hyperthermia.

Question 69

Approximately what percent of anorexic individuals are female?

A) 35
B) 55
C) 75
D) 95

Question 70

Breaking a law that only applies to minors is called a(n):

A) status crime.
B) property crime.
C) index crime.
D) conduct disorder crime.

Question 71

What percent of all U.S.violent crime arrests in 2006 were juveniles?

A) 5
B) 15
C) 30
D) 45

Question 72

Joel is 14 years old and was caught by the police for underage drinking.Joel has committed a(an):

A) status crime.
B) property crime.
C) index crime.
D) conduct disorder crime.

Question 73

In bulimia,what is the most common aftermath of binge-eating episodes?

A) Compulsive exercising
B) Induced vomiting
C) Taking diuretics
D) Taking laxatives

Question 74

The binge-purge syndrome is:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia.
C) nephritis.
D) obesity.

Question 75

Anorexia nervosa is associated with all of the following health problems EXCEPT:

A) cardiac arrest.
B) high blood pressure.
C) hypothermia.
D) slow heartbeat.

Question 76

It is estimated that what percent of adolescent females in the U.S.have anorexia nervosa?

A) )3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 77

Which of the following statements about bulimia is FALSE?

A) Girls from upper-income homes are relatively more likely than lower-income girls to develop bulimia.
B) Only about 10% of those with bulimia are males.
C) Individuals with bulimia are often perfectionists.
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most promising treatment for bulimia.

Question 78

Research indicates that families of anorexic daughters are:

A) usually single-parent households.
B) more often working class.
C) often noncohesive and unsupportive.
D) all of the above

Question 79

In the U.S.,teenagers are ________ more likely than adults to be the victims of violent crimes.

A) two and a half times
B) three and a half times
C) four and a half times
D) five and a half times

Question 80

Approximately what percent of anorexic individuals die because of medical problems associated with malnutrition?

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 55