Deck 4: Prenatal Development Factors

Question 1

The normal growth and development process

A) occurs at the same level of achievement for everyone
B) is predictable
C) occurs at the same rate for everyone
D) occurs at the same level of achievement for everyone AND is predictable

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Teratogen can be defined as

A) the embryo or fetus
B) an environmental agent that causes harm to the embryo or fetus
C) the baby's genetic makeup
D) a hormone in males that affects strength

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The tranquilizing drug that caused more than 10,000 malformed births in West Germany and dispelled the myth that the maternal environment was a protective shelter for the developing fetus was

A) Vicodin
B) morphine
C) thalidomide
D) epigenetic
E) Tylenol 3 (with codeine)

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Early exposure to a teratogen is likely to lead to

A) structural damage
B) an easier labor for the mother
C) functional damage
D) structural damage AND an easier labor for the mother
E) structural damage AND functional damage

Question 5

Effects of maternal cocaine use on babies include all of the following EXCEPT

A) blood vessel dilation, increasing oxygen transport to the brain
B) extreme irritability; crying with minimal provocation
C) increased occurrence of miscarriage
D) poor sucking ability
E) reduced attention span

Question 6

The most studied byproducts of tobacco smoke include

A) nicotine
B) carbon monoxide
C) hydroxydelta
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 7

Carbon monoxide increases risk of fetal hypoxia by

A) causing the adrenals to release norepinephrine
B) causing the adrenals to release epinephrine
C) interfering with hemoglobin's oxygen-carrying and oxygen-releasing capabilities
D) causing excessive bleeding within the skull

Question 8

Prescription drugs affect the fetus by

A) damaging the body part that is developing the fastest during the period of drug use
B) making the mother feel better
C) doubling the birth weight
D) making the mother feel better AND doubling the birth weight

Question 9

The most prevalent fetal defect associated with congenital rubella disease is

A) blindness
B) deafness
C) cerebral palsy
D) Down syndrome

Question 10

HIV-infected babies have

A) enhanced cognitive development by 3 years of age
B) a median survival time of approximately 6 years
C) been shown to exhibit decreased fine motor coordination
D) all selections are correct

Question 11

Toxoplasmosis is associated with

A) felines
B) cannabis
C) alcohol
D) European children

Question 12

Anti-D IgG immunoglobulin has been successful in protection against

A) the HIV virus
B) rubella
C) Rh incompatibility
D) polio

Question 13

The most frequent outcome of fetal hyperinsulinemia induced by maternal hyperglycemia is

A) increased bleeding for the mother during delivery
B) macrosomia
C) excessive bleeding within the skull of the baby
D) cardiac arrest

Question 14

Down syndrome is

A) also known as mongolism
B) the most frequent gene-based defect
C) the most frequent cytogenetic disorder
D) also known as mongolism AND the most frequent gene-based defect
E) also known as mongolism AND the most frequent cytogenetic disorder

Question 15

The most striking behavioral outcome of Down syndrome is

A) mental retardation
B) macrosomia
C) spasticity
D) ataxia

Question 16

Walking delayed two or more years, short stature, slow speech development, and prominent anatomical features such as close-set eyes; short, thick neck; and small, rather square head are symptoms and signs of

A) HIV-infected children
B) Trisomy 21
C) Down syndrome
D) HIV-infected children AND Trisomy 21
E) Trisomy 21 AND Down syndrome

Question 17

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a gene-based disorder caused by

A) rubella
B) the HIV virus
C) a disturbance in amino acid metabolism
D) overuse of aspirin in pregnant mothers
E) lung infection in the pregnant mother

Question 18

All of the following are true statements about cystic fibrosis (CF) EXCEPT

A) CF affects approximately 70,000 individuals worldwide
B) there is no cure for CF
C) no drugs are available to treat CF
D) from a movement perspective, CF frequently causes shortness of breath and fatigue
E) those with CF experience frequent pulmonary infections

Question 19

Amniocentesis is administered

A) in the second trimester to all pregnant women who seek medical attention
B) only when the mother is at a high risk for giving birth to a child with abnormalities
C) as a nonintrusive test by placing a small transmitter on the abdomen of the pregnant woman
D) as a safe test with no injection or pain to the mother or potential damage to the fetus

Question 20

The amount of weight a woman should gain over the course of pregnancy is

A) influenced by the woman's weight and BMI prior to conception (pregravid weight)
B) 40-60 pounds
C) approximately 10 pounds the first trimester, 5 pounds per week for the second trimester, and 2 pounds per week for the third trimester
D) approximately 2 pounds per week for the first trimester, 5 pounds per week for the second trimester, and 10 pounds for the third trimester

Question 21

Which of the folowing acivities is to be avoided during pregnancy?

A) stationaly cycling
B) swimming in deep water (over one's head)
C) hot yoga
D) walking

Question 22

During which stage of prenatal development is the morula formed?

A) germinal period
B) embryonic period
C) fetal period
D) main embryonic period

Question 23

During which prenatal period is the developing organism most susceptible to teratogens?

A) germinal
B) embryonic
C) fetal
D) main germinal

Question 24

In the situation where both the mother and the father carry the sickle-cell trait, what is the probability that they will produce a child with the sickle-cell trait?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 25

Of the following, which is NOT part of the prenatal screening package referred to as the "triple marker"?

A) unconjugated estriol
B) alpha-fetoprotein
C) chorionic gonadotropin
D) amniocentesis

Question 26

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately what percent of pregnant women report dranking alcohol during pregnancy?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 50

Question 27

Identify three factors that determine the extent of damage caused by a teratogen. When are teratogens most dangerous and why?

Question 28

Explain the meaning of epigenetic crisis or period.

Question 29

List and describe the three categories associated with the umbrella term, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Question 30

A woman who is 3 months pregnant smokes an average of three cigarettes per day. Following the birth of her child, she continues smoking and breast-feeds her baby. Why might smoking have an effect on her new-born baby? Summarize the short- and long-term risk factors associated with maternal tobacco smoking.

Question 31

Explain the fetal effects of nonprescriptive drugs that are taken in large dosages by the pregnant woman.

Question 32

List three fetal defects associated with rubella infections in the mother during pregnancy.

Question 33

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition that exists when an Rh-positive fetus is exposed to the antibodies of its Rh-negative mother. What are some of the characteristics of this disorder?

Question 34

Specify three characteristics that might make a woman a high risk for giving birth to a child with abnormalities.

Question 35

Provide one reason for concern about babies who exhibit small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birth weights.

Question 36

Summarize the guidelines concerning exercise during pregnancy and postpartum by providing a minimum of five recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Question 37

Describe the three maternal screening tests that are commonly referred to as the "triple marker."

Question 38

Draw an illustration of the female reproductive system and plot the course of prenatal development from follicle rupture to uterus implantation.

Question 39

Describe the process by which sickle-cell disease can led to death.

Question 40

What do the following sentences refer to :
-The prenatal developmental period encompassing weeks 3 to 8.

Question 41

What do the following sentences refer to :
-An antibiotic that is known to affect the development of tooth enamel.

Question 42

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Members of the feline (cat) family are the primary host of which parasite?

Question 43

What do the following sentences refer to :
-With Rh incompatibility, the newborn must possess which Rh factor?

Question 44

What do the following sentences refer to :
-The most frequently occurring cytogenetic defect.

Question 45

What do the following sentences refer to :
-A gene-based disorder caused by a disturbance in amino acid metabolism.

Question 46

What do the following sentences refer to :
-A prenatal screening that is generally conducted between the 15^th and 20^th week of gestation.

Question 47

What do the following sentences refer to :
-A drug used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Question 48

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Suggested total weight gain during pregnancy for women who are of a healthy weight and BMI prior to pregnancy.

Question 49

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Newborn weighing less than 1500 grams.

Question 50

It is during the "embryonic" period that the embryo is most susceptible to the influences of a teratogen.

Question 51

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2016, 17 percent of pregnant women smoked during pregnancy.

Question 52

Congenital rubella syndrome is most often associated with blindness.

Question 53

Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when an Rh-positive man and an Rh-negative woman conceive an Rh-negative child.

Question 54

Macrosomia is a frequent outcome of diabetes mellitus

Question 55

If both parents carry the sickle-cell trait, their probability of producing a child with sickle-cell disease is approximately 50%.

Question 56

Alpha-fetoprotein testing is most beneficial when conducted between the 15^th to 20^th weeks of pregnancy.

Question 57

Small for gestational age newborns are of low birth weight because they are born at 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 58

According to the most recent guidelines, pregnant women should not exceed a heart rate of 140 bpm when exercising.