Exam 4: Prenatal Development Factors

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During which prenatal period is the developing organism most susceptible to teratogens?

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During which stage of prenatal development is the morula formed?

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Provide one reason for concern about babies who exhibit small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birth weights.

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One reason for concern about babies who exhibit small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth weights is that SGA can be an indicator of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which means the baby has not grown at the expected rate during pregnancy. This can be due to a variety of factors including placental insufficiency, maternal health issues, or chromosomal abnormalities. Babies born SGA are at increased risk for complications such as hypoglycemia, difficulty maintaining body temperature, and a higher incidence of developmental delays and long-term health issues.

Similarly, babies who are large-for-gestational-age (LGA) may face challenges as well. LGA can be a sign of maternal diabetes or obesity, and these babies are at a higher risk for birth injuries due to their size, as well as metabolic disorders like hypoglycemia. They may also have an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. Monitoring and managing the health of both the mother and the baby during pregnancy is crucial to mitigate these risks.

Teratogen can be defined as

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Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when an Rh-positive man and an Rh-negative woman conceive an Rh-negative child.

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Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition that exists when an Rh-positive fetus is exposed to the antibodies of its Rh-negative mother. What are some of the characteristics of this disorder?

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List three fetal defects associated with rubella infections in the mother during pregnancy.

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It is during the "embryonic" period that the embryo is most susceptible to the influences of a teratogen.

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The most studied byproducts of tobacco smoke include

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What do the following sentences refer to : -A gene-based disorder caused by a disturbance in amino acid metabolism.

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Explain the fetal effects of nonprescriptive drugs that are taken in large dosages by the pregnant woman.

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If both parents carry the sickle-cell trait, their probability of producing a child with sickle-cell disease is approximately 50%.

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What do the following sentences refer to : -A drug used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

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The most prevalent fetal defect associated with congenital rubella disease is

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Small for gestational age newborns are of low birth weight because they are born at 37 weeks of gestation.

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In the situation where both the mother and the father carry the sickle-cell trait, what is the probability that they will produce a child with the sickle-cell trait?

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Amniocentesis is administered

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What do the following sentences refer to : -Members of the feline (cat) family are the primary host of which parasite?

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The most frequent outcome of fetal hyperinsulinemia induced by maternal hyperglycemia is

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Walking delayed two or more years, short stature, slow speech development, and prominent anatomical features such as close-set eyes; short, thick neck; and small, rather square head are symptoms and signs of

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