Deck 11: Literacy

Question 1

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983), children learned to read most successfully when they received training in …

A)phonological analysis
B)phonological analysis and letter-sound relations
C)word meaning
D)letter-sound relations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which …

A)reading ability at 1st grade predicts reading ability at 11th grade
B)reading a lot drives continued progress in reading ability
C)the influence of decoding on reading comprehension decreases over time
D)the correlation between reading comprehension and listening comprehension increases over time

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003), Italian children learn to read faster than English children because …

A)they have a higher innate intelligence
B)high orthographic transparency
C)greater societal emphases on literacy
D)low orthographic transparency

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?

A)alphabetic strategy
B)vocabulary strategy
C)phonetic strategy
D)logographic strategy

Question 5

According to Muter et al.(2004), reading comprehension relies on …

A)vocabulary knowledge
B)vocabulary knowledge and grammatical awareness
C)grammatical awareness and phoneme manipulation
D)letter-sound knowledge and sight word recognition

Question 6

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004)?

A)Phoneme manipulation and syllable recognition
B)Rhyme recognition and letter knowledge
C)Rhyme recognition and phoneme manipulation
D)Letter knowledge and phoneme manipulation

Question 7

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?

A)difficulty understanding the meaning of text
B)poor phonological skills
C)difficulty with nonword repetition
D)poor spelling

Question 8

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990)?

A)decoding and reading comprehension
B)decoding and reading accuracy
C)reading accuracy and fluency
D)fluency and reading comprehension

Question 9

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002), children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in …

A)spelling only
B)reflective discussion only
C)drawing
D)both spelling and reflective discussion

Question 10

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically …

A)is the same as learning to read
B)is acquired more readily than reading
C)lags behind learning to read
D)is a precursor to learning to read

Question 11

The alphabetic strategy …

A)involves recognised strings of letters that commonly go together
B)involves recognising sight words
C)involves using grapheme to phoneme rules
D)involves recitation of the letters in the correct order

Question 12

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?

A)Italian
B)Greek
C)English
D)Spanish

Question 13

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980)?

A)Sight word memorisation
B)Finding the initial phoneme in a word
C)Rhyme recognition
D)Syllable segmentation

Question 14

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.

A)logographic
B)orthographic
C)alphabetic
D)letter-sound

Question 15

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996), the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.

A)decreases
B)stays the same
C)varies
D)increases

Question 16

According to Caravolas(2005), the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.

A)stronger for languages with high orthographic tranparency
B)stronger for languages with low orthographic transparency
C)equally strong for languages with high and low orthographic transparency
D)equally weak for languages with high and low orthographic transparency

Question 17

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982) ____________ stage of spelling.

A)post-transitional
B)pre-phonetic
C)phonetic
D)transitional

Question 18

In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children …

A)begin to use some letters that reflect the sounds in words they are trying to spell
B)demonstrate no awareness between letters and sounds when spelling
C)show a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds
D)take account of English spelling patterns

Question 19

Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.

A)word reading skills
B)inference skills
C)decoding skills
D)syntactic awareness

Question 20

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)

A)spelling
B)reading
C)handwriting
D)mathematics