Question 1

According to Caravolas(2005), the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.

Accepted Answer

A) stronger for languages with high orthographic tranparency 
B) stronger for languages with low orthographic transparency 
C) equally strong for languages with high and low orthographic transparency 
D) equally weak for languages with high and low orthographic transparency 
A) stronger for languages with high orthographic tranparency 
B) stronger for languages with low orthographic transparency 
C) equally strong for languages with high and low orthographic transparency 
D) equally weak for languages with high and low orthographic transparency C

Question 2

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990)?

Accepted Answer

A) decoding and reading comprehension 
B) decoding and reading accuracy 
C) reading accuracy and fluency 
D) fluency and reading comprehension 
A) decoding and reading comprehension 
B) decoding and reading accuracy 
C) reading accuracy and fluency 
D) fluency and reading comprehension A

Question 3

According to Muter et al.(2004), reading comprehension relies on …

Accepted Answer

A) vocabulary knowledge 
B) vocabulary knowledge and grammatical awareness 
C) grammatical awareness and phoneme manipulation 
D) letter-sound knowledge and sight word recognition 
A) vocabulary knowledge 
B) vocabulary knowledge and grammatical awareness 
C) grammatical awareness and phoneme manipulation 
D) letter-sound knowledge and sight word recognition B

Question 4

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983), children learned to read most successfully when they received training in …

Accepted Answer

A) phonological analysis 
B) phonological analysis and letter-sound relations 
C) word meaning 
D) letter-sound relations 
A) phonological analysis 
B) phonological analysis and letter-sound relations 
C) word meaning 
D) letter-sound relations

Question 5

The alphabetic strategy …

Accepted Answer

A) involves recognised strings of letters that commonly go together 
B) involves recognising sight words 
C) involves using grapheme to phoneme rules 
D) involves recitation of the letters in the correct order 
A) involves recognised strings of letters that commonly go together 
B) involves recognising sight words 
C) involves using grapheme to phoneme rules 
D) involves recitation of the letters in the correct order

Question 6

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982) ____________ stage of spelling.

Accepted Answer

A) post-transitional 
B) pre-phonetic 
C) phonetic 
D) transitional 
A) post-transitional 
B) pre-phonetic 
C) phonetic 
D) transitional

Question 7

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) logographic 
B) orthographic 
C) alphabetic 
D) letter-sound 
A) logographic 
B) orthographic 
C) alphabetic 
D) letter-sound

Question 8

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically …

Accepted Answer

A) is the same as learning to read 
B) is acquired more readily than reading 
C) lags behind learning to read 
D) is a precursor to learning to read 
A) is the same as learning to read 
B) is acquired more readily than reading 
C) lags behind learning to read 
D) is a precursor to learning to read

Question 9

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004)?

Accepted Answer

A) Phoneme manipulation and syllable recognition 
B) Rhyme recognition and letter knowledge 
C) Rhyme recognition and phoneme manipulation 
D) Letter knowledge and phoneme manipulation 
A) Phoneme manipulation and syllable recognition 
B) Rhyme recognition and letter knowledge 
C) Rhyme recognition and phoneme manipulation 
D) Letter knowledge and phoneme manipulation

Question 10

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)

Accepted Answer

A) spelling 
B) reading 
C) handwriting 
D) mathematics 
A) spelling 
B) reading 
C) handwriting 
D) mathematics

Question 11

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?

Accepted Answer

A) Italian 
B) Greek 
C) English 
D) Spanish 
A) Italian 
B) Greek 
C) English 
D) Spanish

Question 12

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which …

Accepted Answer

A) reading ability at 1st grade predicts reading ability at 11th grade 
B) reading a lot drives continued progress in reading ability 
C) the influence of decoding on reading comprehension decreases over time 
D) the correlation between reading comprehension and listening comprehension increases over time 
A) reading ability at 1st grade predicts reading ability at 11th grade 
B) reading a lot drives continued progress in reading ability 
C) the influence of decoding on reading comprehension decreases over time 
D) the correlation between reading comprehension and listening comprehension increases over time

Question 13

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?

Accepted Answer

A) difficulty understanding the meaning of text 
B) poor phonological skills 
C) difficulty with nonword repetition 
D) poor spelling 
A) difficulty understanding the meaning of text 
B) poor phonological skills 
C) difficulty with nonword repetition 
D) poor spelling

Question 14

Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.

Accepted Answer

A) word reading skills 
B) inference skills 
C) decoding skills 
D) syntactic awareness 
A) word reading skills 
B) inference skills 
C) decoding skills 
D) syntactic awareness

Question 15

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996), the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.

Accepted Answer

A) decreases 
B) stays the same 
C) varies 
D) increases 
A) decreases 
B) stays the same 
C) varies 
D) increases

Question 16

In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children …

Accepted Answer

A) begin to use some letters that reflect the sounds in words they are trying to spell 
B) demonstrate no awareness between letters and sounds when spelling 
C) show a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds 
D) take account of English spelling patterns 
A) begin to use some letters that reflect the sounds in words they are trying to spell 
B) demonstrate no awareness between letters and sounds when spelling 
C) show a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds 
D) take account of English spelling patterns

Question 17

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980)?

Accepted Answer

A) Sight word memorisation 
B) Finding the initial phoneme in a word 
C) Rhyme recognition 
D) Syllable segmentation 
A) Sight word memorisation 
B) Finding the initial phoneme in a word 
C) Rhyme recognition 
D) Syllable segmentation

Question 18

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003), Italian children learn to read faster than English children because …

Accepted Answer

A) they have a higher innate intelligence 
B) high orthographic transparency 
C) greater societal emphases on literacy 
D) low orthographic transparency 
A) they have a higher innate intelligence 
B) high orthographic transparency 
C) greater societal emphases on literacy 
D) low orthographic transparency

Question 19

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?

Accepted Answer

A) alphabetic strategy 
B) vocabulary strategy 
C) phonetic strategy 
D) logographic strategy 
A) alphabetic strategy 
B) vocabulary strategy 
C) phonetic strategy 
D) logographic strategy

Question 20

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002), children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in …

Accepted Answer

A) spelling only 
B) reflective discussion only 
C) drawing 
D) both spelling and reflective discussion 
A) spelling only 
B) reflective discussion only 
C) drawing 
D) both spelling and reflective discussion

According to Caravolas(2005), the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990)?

According to Muter et al.(2004), reading comprehension relies on …

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983), children learned to read most successfully when they received training in …

The alphabetic strategy …

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982) ____________ stage of spelling.

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically …

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004)?

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which …

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?

Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996), the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.

In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children …

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980)?

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003), Italian children learn to read faster than English children because …

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002), children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in …

Framework and Methods

Theories and Approaches

Introduction to Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Introduction to the Preschool Years

Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years

Language Development in the Preschool Years

Social and Emotional Development in the Preschool Years

Introduction to Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Introduction to Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 11: Literacy

According to Caravolas(2005), the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990)?

According to Muter et al.(2004), reading comprehension relies on …

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983), children learned to read most successfully when they received training in …

The alphabetic strategy …

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982) ____________ stage of spelling.

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically …

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004)?

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which …

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?

Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996), the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.

In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children …

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980)?

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003), Italian children learn to read faster than English children because …

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002), children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in …

Framework and Methods

Theories and Approaches

Introduction to Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Introduction to the Preschool Years

Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years

Language Development in the Preschool Years

Social and Emotional Development in the Preschool Years

Introduction to Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Introduction to Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters