Deck 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Question 1

Top managers who behave ethically can influence others in an organization to behave ethically.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Studies suggest that ethical beliefs vary only a little from culture to culture.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Suppliers are considered stakeholders of a firm.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Morals are rules people develop as a result of cultural values and norms.

Question 5

The six modes of social control are less important today due to the globalization of the world.

Question 6

Most business ethicists agree that multinational firms that expand into developing countries are acting ethically when they provide low-income work to the people in those countries,arguing that low-income work is better than no work.

Question 7

A code of ethics can be an effective internal control on behavior,which is more desirable than external controls like government regulations.

Question 8

The most basic argument for social responsibility is that it is simply the right thing to do.

Question 9

When writing codes of ethics,businesses must ensure their codes deal with every possible situation.

Question 10

Sustainability refers to a business's concern for society's welfare.

Question 11

The foundation for the pyramid of corporate social responsibility is philanthropic responsibility.

Question 12

Whenever faced with a difficult customer,the owner of the shoe store remembered what the original store founder,his grandfather,had done in similar situations and did the same.In other words,the grandson based his decision on the deontological ethical theory.

Question 13

For most employees a simple list of "dos and don'ts" are enough to maintain ethical behavior,and ethical training would be redundant.

Question 14

Laws refers to the moral principles or values that generally govern the conduct of an individual or group.

Question 15

You are writing copy for a fruit drink advertisement.You know you could sell more product if you claimed that the drink contained 100% juice,but in fact the drink contains only 50% juice.You decide not to make the "100% juice" claim because you know it would be illegal to do so.You are likely at the postconventional stage of morality.

Question 16

An active civil society identified by the text as one of the six modes of social control in an open and democratic society.

Question 17

The deontological theory of ethics is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action.

Question 18

Ichiro's family was starving,so he stole a loaf of bread to feed them.A moral relativist would classify Ichiro's action as ethically incorrect.

Question 19

Large companies such as Walmart are able to force ethical standards on its suppliers.

Question 20

Unfortunately,most businesspeople have not progressed beyond the self-centered and manipulative actions of preconventional morality.

Question 21

Everyone agrees that cause-related marketing is beneficial.

Question 22

"Politicians cannot avoid causing the death of innocent people if they try to keep public expenditure in check or help maintain a semblance of international order." Which ethical theory is most likely to accept the preceding statement as true?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Deontology
C) Fundamentalism
D) Moral relativism
E) Causal thinking

Question 23

After the Civil War,the U.S.military was ordered to the American West to remove the Indians from large tracts of land and confine them to reservations.While this practice may seem ethically wrong to us today,U.S.soldiers fought hard to prevent the Indians from disobeying the law as written by the federal government.Even though some were sympathetic to the Indian's plight,most of them adhered to a _____ view of ethical behavior and strove to perform their duty as directed by the law.

A) reactive
B) deontological
C) fundamental
D) moral relativist
E) casuist

Question 24

According to _____,the choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is ethically correct.

A) utilitarianism
B) deontology
C) fundamentalism
D) moral relativism
E) causal thinking

Question 25

The _____ states that people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing ethical dilemmas.

A) virtue theory
B) deontological theory of ethics
C) utilitarian theory
D) theory of moral relativism
E) casuist ethical theory

Question 26

Rainforest Action Network (RAN)campaigns for the forests,their inhabitants and the natural systems that sustain life.RAN relies on grassroots organizing,media stunts,and the occasional use of non-violent civil disobedience to pressure corporations into publicly adopting environmental policies that address issues ranging from deforestation to global warming.RAN uses an active civil society to direct:

A) cultural backstop
B) social control
C) ethical mediation
D) social mentoring
E) ethical awareness

Question 27

In a series of reports,a journalist in Great Britain investigated concerns over vaccines and their alleged causal relationship with autism,as well as a British doctor who made the claims.The investigation ultimately resulted in the UK General Medical Council finding the doctor to be "dishonest" and "unethical" for making such claims,and he was struck off of the UK medical register.This is one example of how the media serves as a mode of:

A) cultural backstop
B) social control
C) ethical mediation
D) social mentoring
E) ethical awareness

Question 28

One key to success of a cause-related marketing campaign is transparency.That is,the company should clearly state how the money is raised and how much will be going to the charity or other cause.

Question 29

When Laurie uses her Target Visa card at the store,Target donates 1 percent of her purchase to her children's school.This is an example of green marketing.

Question 30

The Hippocratic Oath that all physicians take states that the physician will never deliberately harm anyone for anyone else's interest and to avoid attempting to do things that other specialists can do better.This oath is an example of how _____ influence(s)social control.

A) an active civil society
B) laws
C) formal and informal organizations
D) the media
E) self-regulation

Question 31

Defenders of Wildlife is a United States non-profit organization founded in 1947 out of concern for perceived cruelties of the use of steel-jawed leghold traps for trapping fur-bearing animals.They were advocates for the Endangered Species Act in the United States through lobbying and by using the legal system for the protection of endangered or threatened species.This organization is an example of how _____ influence(s)social control.

A) an active civil society
B) laws
C) formal and informal organizations
D) the media
E) self-regulation

Question 32

All of the following are ethical theories relevant to marketing EXCEPT:

A) deontology
B) attribution theory
C) utilitarianism
D) casuist ethical theory
E) moral relativism

Question 33

How do formal and informal groups influence social control?

A) They prescribe acceptable and desired behaviors of their members.
B) They allow everyone who wants to know to be informed about your behavior.
C) They accept laws as a necessary evil.
D) They use informed consumers to maintain ethical adherence.
E) They do not influence social control.

Question 34

Which of the following statements describes ethics?

A) Ethics are the moral principles or values that generally govern the conduct of an individual.
B) Ethics is the standard of behavior by which conduct is judged.
C) Morals are a foundation for ethical behavior.
D) Ethical values are situation specific and time oriented.
E) All of the statements describe ethics.

Question 35

Which ethical theory is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action?

A) Theory of virtue
B) Deontological theory
C) Utilitarian theory
D) Moral relativism
E) Casuist theory

Question 36

Because social responsibility has proven to have a limited return on investment,the number of businesses opting to act socially responsible is declining.

Question 37

According to _____ utilitarianism,a person performs the acts that benefit the most people,regardless of personal feelings or societal constraints.

A) act
B) fundamental
C) causal
D) proactive
E) deontological

Question 38

_____ refers to the moral principles or values that generally govern the conduct of an individual or a group.

A) Righteousness
B) Social consensus
C) Sustainability
D) Virtue
E) Ethics

Question 39

All of the following are one of the six modes of social control EXCEPT:

A) an active civil society
B) laws
C) the corporation
D) the media
E) self-regulation

Question 40

The two types of utilitarianism are _____ and _____ .

A) primary;secondary
B) causal;superfluous
C) consideration;evoked
D) proactive;reactive
E) act;rule

Question 41

Proponents of _____ hold that solving ethical dilemmas requires training and that individuals solve ethical dilemmas when they develop and nurture a set of character traits valued as being good.

A) virtue ethics
B) deontological theory of ethics
C) utilitarian theory
D) theory of moral relativism
E) casuist ethical theory

Question 42

People who believe in the _____ judge according to time-and-place ethics.

A) virtue theory
B) deontological theory of ethics
C) utilitarian theory
D) theory of moral relativism
E) casuist ethical theory

Question 43

One approach to developing a personal set of ethics is to:

A) rely solely on one's personal character to determine what action to take
B) stress the importance of rules
C) ignore problems associated with the magnitude of consequences
D) avoid examining the consequences of particular acts
E) never trust your own behavioral instincts

Question 44

People who believe that ethical truths depend on the individuals or groups holding them are referred to as:

A) moral relativists
B) casuists
C) virtuists
D) ethicalists
E) normative utilitarians

Question 45

_____ are the rules that people develop as a result of cultural values and norms.

A) Virtues
B) Ethics
C) Socialization
D) Conscience
E) Morals

Question 46

Which level of ethical development moves from an egocentric viewpoint toward the expectations of society?

A) Postconventional morality
B) Conventional morality
C) Preconventional morality
D) Secondary morality
E) Primary morality

Question 47

The _____ stage of ethical development represents the morality of the mature adult.

A) preconventional morality
B) transformationalism
C) conventional morality
D) postconventional morality
E) actualized morality

Question 48

Ethical development can be thought as having three levels.The most basic,childlike level is the _____ stage.

A) preconventional morality
B) transformationalism
C) conventional morality
D) postconventional morality
E) actualized morality

Question 49

In the _____ stage of ethical development,loyalty and obedience to the organization or to society become paramount.

A) preconventional morality
B) transformationalism
C) conventional morality
D) postconventional morality
E) actualized morality

Question 50

Which ethical theory compares a current ethical dilemma with examples of similar ethical dilemmas and their outcomes,thus allowing one to determine the severity of the situation and to create the best possible solution according to others' experiences?

A) Virtue theory
B) Deontological theory of ethics
C) Utilitarian theory
D) Theory of moral relativism
E) Casuist ethical theory

Question 51

Which of the following is an unethical practice marketing managers may have to deal with?

A) Misrepresentation of goods
B) Invasion of customer privacy
C) Price discrimination
D) Smaller amounts of product in the same-size package
E) All of these choices

Question 52

The _____ is a moral philosophy that emphasizes character rather than rules or consequences.

A) theory of virtue ethics
B) deontological theory of ethics
C) utilitarian theory
D) theory of moral relativism
E) casuist ethical theory

Question 53

During World War II,German industrialist Oskar Schindler paid money out of his own pocket in order to hire and save the lives of almost 1200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunition factories.Some evidence indicates that his ammunition factories deliberately produced faulty product and did not manufacture a single usable shell for the Nazis.
Schindler was most likely at the _____ stage of ethical development.

A) preconventional morality
B) transformationalism
C) conventional morality
D) postconventional morality
E) actualized morality

Question 54

Nick works as a cashier in a grocery store.His mother is very sick and cannot afford the medicine she needs to stay well.He decides to shortchange customers and pocket the difference so that he can obtain the money his mother needs to buy medicine.Nick appears to be a(n)______.

A) virtue theorist
B) deontologist
C) utilitarian
D) moral relativist
E) empiricist

Question 55

Hallie is a calculating,self-centered salesperson.She never engages in relationship marketing.She looks on any sales situation as a "win-lose" situation,and she believes any legal method she can use is justified when she wins.Hallie is most likely at the _____ stage of ethical development.

A) preconventional morality
B) transformationalism
C) conventional morality
D) egocentrism
E) basic morality

Question 56

"Don't speed,because it's against the law" is a tenet that would likely appeal to someone at hich stage of ethical development?

A) Postconventional morality
B) Conventional morality
C) Preconventional morality
D) Secondary morality
E) Primary morality

Question 57

The _____ assumes that the results of the current ethical dilemma will be similar to results in the examples.

A) virtue theory
B) deontological theory of ethics
C) utilitarian theory
D) theory of moral relativism
E) casuist ethical theory

Question 58

All of the following are factors influencing ethical decision making and judgments EXCEPT:

A) rate of prosecution
B) top management actions on ethics
C) probability of a harmful outcome
D) number of people to be affected
E) social consensus

Question 59

After the Civil War,the U.S.military was ordered to the American West to remove the Indians from large tracts of land and confine them to small reservations on land that was deemed worthless.Indian children were removed from their parents and sent to schools that tried to turn the Indian children into models of good U.S.citizens.While this practice may seem ethically wrong to us today,politicians knew that the demand of the U.S.population for more land could only be achieved if the smaller Indian population was made to accede to the wishes of the majority.This is an example of the application of:

A) utilitarianism
B) deontology
C) fundamentalism
D) moral relativism
E) causal thinking

Question 60

Which of the following factors will influence ethical decision making and judgments?

A) Likelihood of stakeholder responsibility
B) Proactive nature of organizational sustainability
C) Potential magnitude of the consequences
D) Probability of ethical consensus
E) Consequence of adjacencies

Question 61

The pyramid of corporate social responsibilities contains all of the following components EXCEPT:

A) economic responsibilities
B) ethical responsibilities
C) cultural responsibilities
D) legal responsibilities
E) philanthropic responsibilities

Question 62

With regard to ethical decision making,an individual should ask herself all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Does the decision benefit one person or group but hurt or not benefit other individuals or groups?
B) Would my decision upset qualified job applicants?
C) Will my decision create conflict between individuals or groups within the company?
D) Can I get away with this behavior?
E) Will I have to pull rank or use coercion to implement my decision?

Question 63

Tyson Foods launched a campaign in Austin,Texas,in which it agreed to donate 100 pounds of chicken to the Capital Area food Bank of Texas for every comment posted on its blog.This campaign is an example of:

A) corporate social responsibility
B) ethical conveyance
C) a duty to engage in cause marketing
D) a right to engage in social marketing
E) multiculturalism

Question 64

Corporate social responsibility is defined as the:

A) belief that the legal system defines ethical behavior
B) development of inclusive codes of ethics
C) rules by which social rewards are attained
D) concern for society's welfare by businesses
E) coordination of social programs for publicity purposes

Question 65

Many airlines offer passengers the option to purchase carbon offsets as an environmentally-friendly compensation for their carbon footprint.For example,Delta customers can pay $10 to a fund that plants trees as a way to offset the carbon emissions from the airplane.Some would say Delta is:

A) acting in accordance with recent rulings by the U.S.Supreme Court
B) socially responsible
C) not ethically motivated
D) demonstrating a lack of concern for diversity
E) using issue-oriented marketing

Question 66

One cultural difference regarding business ethics in Russia,as compared to the United States,is that:

A) accepting illegal payments is considered a serious crime in Russia
B) the board of directors of all Russian firms must contain an equal number of men and women
C) in Russia it would be considered highly unethical to fire an employee for making a mistake on the job
D) in Russia bribes and connections in the government are essential for doing business
E) it is standard practice for Russian businesses to lie to customers in order to get a sale

Question 67

The _____ prohibits U.S.corporations from making illegal payments to public officials of foreign governments to obtain business rights or to enhance their business dealings in those countries.

A) Fortune 500 Pact on Business
B) International Trade Commission Act
C) United Nations Anti-Corruption Act
D) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
E) Sherman Anti-Bribery Act

Question 68

Which of the following statements about the theory of sustainability is TRUE?

A) Sustainability is an internal process in which companies match resources and objectives.
B) Sustainability is the idea that socially responsible companies will outperform their peers when they focus on the world's problems as marketing opportunities.
C) According to the theory of sustainability,a company cannot be socially responsible without a code of ethics and managerial support of that code.
D) According to the theory of sustainability,ethical behavior should never be viewed as the means of obtaining a competitive advantage.
E) Sustainability is the same as "green marketing."

Question 69

The four components of the pyramid of corporate social responsibility are:

A) sustainability,creativity,profit,and culture
B) organizational culture,creativity imagery,economic performance,and objectivity
C) organizational,financial,social,and cultural responsibilities
D) sustainability,legality,creativity,and competition
E) economic,legal,ethical,and philanthropic responsibilities

Question 70

Why do corporations engage in ethics training?

A) Because it reduces the potential harm of questionable acts
B) Because it is a reactive way to protect organizations from legal action
C) Because it helps employees put good ethics into practice
D) Because the federal government requires it of all businesses with more than 100 employees
E) Because it guarantees ethical behavior among employees

Question 71

All of the following statements about the creation of a code of ethics are true EXCEPT:

A) A written code helps employees avoid confusion when determining whether their decisions are ethical.
B) A code can be an effective internal control on behavior.
C) The process of formulating the code facilitates discussions that ultimately create better decisions.
D) A code helps employees identify what their firm recognizes to be acceptable business practices.
E) A code guarantees ethical behavior among a firm's employees.

Question 72

Critics of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act contend that the act has:

A) hindered the growth of developing nations
B) created a competitive disadvantage for U.S.businesses
C) promoted a negative image of American businesspeople
D) given U.S.businesses an unfair advantage over companies in the host country
E) encouraged deceptive advertising

Question 73

Many American businesses are expanding their operations into developing countries.These businesses are often finding that:

A) environmental standards are usually much higher in developing countries than in the U.S.
B) labor unions are much more powerful in most other countries than they are in the U.S.
C) ethical standards are often overlooked by governments hungry for jobs or tax revenues.
D) host countries generally expect U.S.businesses to be good corporate citizens
E) labor costs are much higher abroad than they expected

Question 74

Novartis created the Novartis Research Institute for Tropical Diseases in Singapore.The institute is unique because it is a not-for-profit organization that focuses on the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases,such as dengue fever and tuberculosis.Not only is this good business,it is also:

A) mandated by Supreme Court rulings
B) socially responsible
C) not ethically motivated
D) demonstrating a lack of concern for diversity
E) using environmental marketing

Question 75

Which ostakeholders generate revenue for an organization?

A) Employee
B) Customer
C) Local citizen
D) Supplier
E) All of the above

Question 76

_____ is the idea that socially responsible companies will outperform their peers by focusing on the world's economic,social,and environmental problems and viewing them as opportunities to build profit and help the world at the same time.

A) Sustainability
B) Philanthropy
C) Cause marketing
D) Creative ethics
E) International ethics

Question 77

_____ is the concern of business for the long-range best interests of both the company and its relationships to the society within which it operates.

A) Consumerism
B) Corporate social responsibility
C) Cultural sensitivity
D) Conventional morality
E) Environmental consideration

Question 78

Like many other professional organizations and businesses,the American Marketing Association has developed a formal,written guideline to help its members make better ethical decisions.This document is a:

A) behavioral practice
B) moral ruling
C) code of ethics
D) direction of value
E) principled regulation

Question 79

Which theory holds that social responsibility is paying attention to the interest of every affected stakeholder in every aspect of a firm's operation?

A) Stockholder theory
B) Theory of reasoned action
C) Attribution theory
D) Theory of ethical enhancement
E) Stakeholder theory

Question 80

For every home built by Habitat for Humanity,Whirlpool Corporation has given and continues to give free kitchen appliances to the deserving family.This donation of appliances is an example of how companies assume their:

A) corporate social responsibility
B) ethical conveyance
C) duty to engage in cause marketing
D) right to engage in social marketing
E) multiculturalism