Exam 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Research has found three ethics-related actions by managers have the greatest impact on employee ethics.What are they?

"Politicians cannot avoid causing the death of innocent people if they try to keep public expenditure in check or help maintain a semblance of international order." Which ethical theory is most likely to accept the preceding statement as true?

Many airlines offer passengers the option to purchase carbon offsets as an environmentally-friendly compensation for their carbon footprint.For example,Delta customers can pay $10 to a fund that plants trees as a way to offset the carbon emissions from the airplane.Some would say Delta is:

Drug Marketing Pharmaceutical companies spent $4.4 billion on prescription drug advertising in 2008,mostly on television and in magazines.While the Internet is becoming a more prominent medium to reach consumers and is the primary source used to seek health information,these companies spent less than $130 million on Web marketing.One reason is that there are no guidelines,which makes these heavily-regulated marketers uneasy.For example,television commercials for prescription drugs must include disclosures regarding the major side effects if the brand name is mentioned in the ad.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)claims that existing regulations address many of the Internet advertising issues,but other aspects of Web marketing,such as social networking and search marketing,must be reviewed.That's why the FDA hearings on this issue were attended by pharmaceutical giants and Web companies like Google,Yahoo,and WebMD Health. -Refer to Drug Marketing.Drug manufacturers are hesitant to make full use of the Internet as an advertising medium because they are comparing the regulations imposed on their advertising in other media,such as television.Which ethical theory does this illustrate?

_____ are the rules that people develop as a result of cultural values and norms.

Many American businesses are expanding their operations into developing countries.These businesses are often finding that:

You are writing copy for a fruit drink advertisement.You know you could sell more product if you claimed that the drink contained 100% juice,but in fact the drink contains only 50% juice.You decide not to make the "100% juice" claim because you know it would be illegal to do so.You are likely at the postconventional stage of morality.

Florida Hospitals A group of hospital administrators in Florida were discussing the amount of resources used to care for patients that were illegal immigrants and had no medical insurance.One man discussed how his hospital had spent over $2 million on one illegal immigrant who had no family or friends and who was not getting better.Another administrator stated that his hospital was losing $20 million annually in order to provide care for the influx of illegal immigrants into the state.After a great deal of discussion,it was determined that there was probably nothing anyone of them could do about the situation,and that each of them had very definite ideas about how to deal with the problems. -Refer to Florida Hospitals.In another conversation,one of the administrators said,"I think the decision to care for the illegals should be based on an individual choice.Certainly,I would want to care for a working man who is supporting six children,but I am inclined to think that if the man has no income and shows no desire to provide for himself,then he should not become a burden to the hospital." This thinking is indicative of the _____ ethical theory.

The Hippocratic Oath that all physicians take states that the physician will never deliberately harm anyone for anyone else's interest and to avoid attempting to do things that other specialists can do better.This oath is an example of how _____ influence(s)social control.

Ichiro's family was starving,so he stole a loaf of bread to feed them.A moral relativist would classify Ichiro's action as ethically incorrect.

Which level of the pyramid of corporate social responsibility is the foundation on which all other responsibilities rest?

Define the deontological ethical theory and describe a person who adheres to this theory of ethics.

After the Civil War,the U.S.military was ordered to the American West to remove the Indians from large tracts of land and confine them to small reservations on land that was deemed worthless.Indian children were removed from their parents and sent to schools that tried to turn the Indian children into models of good U.S.citizens.While this practice may seem ethically wrong to us today,politicians knew that the demand of the U.S.population for more land could only be achieved if the smaller Indian population was made to accede to the wishes of the majority.This is an example of the application of:

Hallie is a calculating,self-centered salesperson.She never engages in relationship marketing.She looks on any sales situation as a "win-lose" situation,and she believes any legal method she can use is justified when she wins.Hallie is most likely at the _____ stage of ethical development.

One key to success of a cause-related marketing campaign is transparency.That is,the company should clearly state how the money is raised and how much will be going to the charity or other cause.

Florida Hospitals A group of hospital administrators in Florida were discussing the amount of resources used to care for patients that were illegal immigrants and had no medical insurance.One man discussed how his hospital had spent over $2 million on one illegal immigrant who had no family or friends and who was not getting better.Another administrator stated that his hospital was losing $20 million annually in order to provide care for the influx of illegal immigrants into the state.After a great deal of discussion,it was determined that there was probably nothing anyone of them could do about the situation,and that each of them had very definite ideas about how to deal with the problems. -Refer to Florida Hospitals.One older administrator talked about an early job in Africa where the hospital had been flooded with refugees.He said,"The hospital was short resources for awhile,but the government stepped up and helped.We were able to get up-to-date equipment because officials saw we had a need.I believe the rest of you administrators need to be more patient." In suggesting patience,this administrator was basing his thinking on the _____ ethical theory.

_____ is the cooperative effort of a for-profit firm and a nonprofit organization.

An active civil society identified by the text as one of the six modes of social control in an open and democratic society.

Define utilitarianism and its two types.How does this theory differ from the casuist ethical theory?

The two types of utilitarianism are _____ and _____ .