Deck 3: Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 1

A unique feature of psychoanalytic theory is the central contribution of _________ for shaping adults' thoughts and behavior?

A) work experiences
B) childhood experiences
C) school-related experiences
D) religious experiences

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about Freud's history is true?

A) his ideas were greeted with great enthusiasm by the medical community when he first presented his theory of infantile sexuality
B) his early research in neurology focused on the functions of the medulla and the conduction of nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord
C) the primary methods that Freud used for the treatment of neurosis were hypnosis and group therapy
D) Freud was the founder of the Gestalt Institute

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ________ is a storehouse of powerful wishes, fears, and motives of which a person is not fully awar?

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) conscious
D) metaconscious

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is a term that refers to sexual and aggressive forces, based on biological functions, that have an aim and an object?

A) reinforcement
B) signs and symbols
C) drives
D) norms

Question 5

Which of the following statements is considered an assumption of psychoanalytic theory?

A) all behavior is a result of cultural conditioning
B) all behavior is learned through reinforcement and instruction
C) all behavior except that resulting from fatigue is motivated
D) most behavior is a result of random factors that cannot be explained

Question 6

The id expresses its demands according to _____________?

A) the reality principle
B) the longitudinal method
C) the community's moral standards
D) the pleasure principle

Question 7

The word "ego" can have two meanings. One is the reference to the self. What is the other meaning?

A) all those mental functions that allow a person to take in information, evaluate it, and decide on a course of action
B) a primary source of unconscious drives
C) a mental function that punishes immoral behaviors
D) a capacity that functions according to primary process thought

Question 8

Which mental structure is associated with imposing standards for moral behavior?

A) superego
B) ego
C) id
D) preconscious

Question 9

During which of the stages of psychosexual development do the Oedipal and Electra complexes emerge?

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 10

During which stage of psychosexual development does a conflict typically arise that focuses on the need to satisfy bodily pleasures associated with elimination, and culturally acceptable toileting behavior?

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 11

According to psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism is ___________ through which unacceptable wishes and impulses are pushed into the unconsciou?

A) projection
B) reaction formation
C) rationalization
D) repression

Question 12

Beginning in childhood and continuing through adulthood, we incorporate the observable characteristics and personal values of people whom we either love, admire, or fear. This process is referred to as _____________?

A) unconscious priming
B) regression
C) identification
D) love withdrawal

Question 13

Markus is a student in a graduate seminar. He tends to treat his professor in ways that are similar to the ways he interacted with his mother, possibly encouraged by the professor's similarity in speech and mannerisms to his mother. This process is known as _________?

A) transference
B) genital envy
C) reaction formation
D) canalization

Question 14

In what ways does object relations theory extend traditional psychoanalytic theory?

A) an emphasis on the infant's ability to engage in social interactions with the mother or central caregiver
B) the central role of relationships and relationship disturbances in infancy for shaping subsequent personality development
C) the importance of relatedness rather than biological drives for later development
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of how research has demonstrated the existence of unconscious processes that operate to identify and manage information?

A) unconscious insight into how math problems can be solved
B) unconscious conflicts about sexuality and aggression that impact perception
C) unconscious awareness of former lives
D) both A and B

Question 16

According to Winnicott, the mental health of the individual is laid down by the quality of early comforting and care. What are the essential features of this early care?

A) the care meets the parents' daily work schedule
B) the infant must be placed in a car seat facing away from the parent to simulate the process of psychoanalysis
C) the care responds with empathy to the infant's changing states
D) the care is unpredictable, preparing a child for an uncertain future

Question 17

Why is psychoanalytic theory included in the section on biological factors that account for development?

A) the stages emerge as a result of shifting biological emphasis on various body zones
B) the theory emphasizes the biological basis of sexual and aggressive drives
C) the theory presents a universal biological organization of mental life: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious
D) all of the above

Question 18

What are four implications of psychoanalytic theory for parenting? According to the theory, how do the early interactions of parents impact subsequent personality development?

Question 19

How does the idea of the "conflict-free sphere of the ego" as postulated by the ego psychologists alter or extend psychoanalytic theory?

Question 20

What evidence is provided for the existence of the unconscious? How does this evidence correspond to the way the unconscious is treated in psychoanalytic theory?

Question 21

How does the theory account for the emergence of mental disorders? Consider various aspects of the theory including the interrelationship of id, ego, and superego; the role of drives and the expression of drives at various stages; the nature of parent?infant relationships; and the nature of ego development in adolescence and beyond.