Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Although Buford Furrow's family recognized that there was something wrong with him, he was not institutionalized. What is the primary reason that he was not committed to a mental institution?

A) He had not committed a crime.
B) Physicians could not agree on a diagnosis.
C) State law prohibits family members from committing a family member older than 13.
D) A judge determined that he could receive the treatment he needed on an outpatient basis.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Harvard University psychiatrist, Alvin Poussaint, is going to debate a colleague who holds an opinion diametrically opposed to his on cases such as those of Buford Furrow. Which of the following would make for the best title for this debate?

A) "Racial bigotry as a mental disorder: Yes or no"
B) "Schizophrenia as a cause of violence: Yes or no"
C) "The genetic basis for bigotry: In the genes or in the environment"
D) "Should schools or parents be responsible for teaching racial tolerance?"

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the primary focus of the field of abnormal psychology?

A) group processes
B) prevention programs
C) maladaptive behavior
D) pharmacological treatments

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following are true of abnormal psychology?

A) Examines how society deals with people whom it considers to be different from other people.
B) Investigates how it feels for people to be different
C) Deals with meanings that get attached to being different.
D) All are true of abnormal psychology.

Question 5

The ability to think rationally, coping effectively, and showing stability and growth are factors of:

A) mental illness
B) a therapeutic relationship
C) abnormal psychology
D) None of the above.

Question 6

Mental health problems account for what percentage of disabling conditions?

A) 50%
B) 30%
C) 75%
D) 25%

Question 7

What factors assist clinicians to both explain and treat problems?

A) identifying internal factors
B) techniques of proper diagnosis
C) structured clinical interviews
D) identifying external factors

Question 8

Stigmatization can:

A) Increase self-esteem depending on if presenting factors are internal or external.
B) Lead to diminished self-esteem and increased pathology, but does not retard recovery.
C) Be either external, internal, or a combination of the two.
D) Require extended hospitalization to deal with events that prevent recovery.

Question 9

You walk into a classroom to find the word adaptation written on the board. It appears that the instructor was using a diagram to show that adaptation involves a balance between two factors, one of which is what people do or want to do. What is the other factor?

A) what people fail to do
B) what the environment requires
C) feelings of accomplishment related to what people are doing
D) hereditary predispositions that lead people to act in certain ways

Question 10

A survey was conducted to determine what the general public views as the causes of abnormal behavior. What are two of the common erroneous problem the general population believes are responsible for abnormal behavior?

A) demons and spirits
B) diet and genetic factors
C) lack of will power and poor nutrition
D) emotional weakness and bad parenting

Question 11

Henry was hospitalized with a serious mental disorder. With treatment, he returned to his previous level of functioning and was released. When a psychiatrist conducted a follow-up interview, Henry said he felt "stigma." What is the most likely reason for Henry's feeling?

A) He was taking medication.
B) His neighbors avoided him.
C) He feared that treatment would fail.
D) He kept in touch with friends from the hospital.

Question 12

Jane is a psychologist who has practiced psychology for many years. People are intrigued by her work, and she has several offers for public appearances and lectures. However, she has become annoyed at questions regarding the public's perception of abnormal behavior; especially the manner in which the media portrays the behavior. Jane has indicated that:

A) There is little, if anything, she can do to correct the public's perception of abnormal behavior.
B) She must meet the challenge to the field of abnormal psychology to correct the public's misperceptions regarding the nature of abnormal behavior.
C) She should consider teaching at the university level to relieve her stress.
D) Ethically she needs to work more with her patients to remove stigmas.

Question 13

What term is used to describe people's ability or inability to modify their behavior in response to changing environmental requirements?

A) adoption
B) adaptation
C) acclimation
D) accommodation

Question 14

Adaptation is the ability to

A) master the environment.
B) feel at peace with oneself.
C) modify behavior in response to change.
D) learn the expectations of one's social group.

Question 15

After switching careers from librarian to kindergarten teacher, John developed a greater tolerance for noise. This change in John is an example of

A) stress.
B) adaptation.
C) vulnerability.
D) social maladaptation.

Question 16

Most of the behaviors studied by those with an interest in abnormal psychology are related to failures in

A) adaptation.
B) vulnerability.
C) stigmatization.
D) balancing hormone levels.

Question 17

By definition, all maladaptive behavior is considered to be

A) deviant.
B) pathological.
C) maladaptive.
D) nonproductive.

Question 18

When a psychologist describes behavior as maladaptive, this indicates that:

A) A problem exists and the person has vulnerability which led to problems in living.
B) A person may have a problem but coping strategies can still be implemented.
C) A problem exists but the person can maintain the ability to deal with stress.
D) A problem exists but the person is not a danger to others but may be a danger to self.

Question 19

What does the study of the history of abnormal psychology reveal about theories of maladaptive behavior?

A) They are usually short-lived.
B) They have resurfaced over and over.
C) They exist independently of social mores.
D) They have become progressively more enlightened.

Question 20

The technique called exorcism is based on the assumption that mental illness is caused by:

A) infections.
B) evil spirits.
C) stigmatization.
D) chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 21

An expert on shamans is being interviewed on public radio. How will this expert respond when asked about the existence of shamans in this century?

A) Shamans still treat the mentally ill in some countries.
B) The treatment espoused by shamans has been banned in most countries.
C) The treatment espoused by shamans has been replaced by a modern form of trephination.
D) Shamans no longer treat mental illness because they have been replaced by modern medicine.

Question 22

What is trephination?

A) using herbs
B) conducting séances
C) removing the spleen
D) making a hole in the skull

Question 23

Which approach is evident in attempts to treat maladaptive behavior by removing part of the brain?

A) organic
B) mystical
C) philosophical
D) psychological

Question 24

According to the psychological perspective, behavioral disturbances are caused by

A) excessive attachment.
B) harmful societal influences.
C) inherited deficits in metabolism.
D) inadequacies in thinking, feeling, or perceiving.

Question 25

Who were the first people to write about psychological and organic approaches to deviance?

A) Chinese elders
B) ancient Greek philosophers
C) leaders in the Reform Movement
D) church leaders in the Middle Ages

Question 26

Which of the following is not a perspective that has occurred throughout the history of Western civilization?

A) supernatural
B) emotional
C) organic
D) psychological

Question 27

In ancient Greece a mentally ill individual sought treatment at one of the temples dedicated to Asclepius. Which of the following treatments would this person likely receive during his stay in the temple?

A) trephination
B) vegetable diet
C) a potent combination of herbs
D) healing messages delivered in dreams

Question 28

Hippocrates described epileptic seizures as a disease of the

A) liver.
B) heart.
C) brain.
D) lungs.

Question 29

Which of these treatments for abnormal behavior were recommended by Hippocrates?

A) bathing, dieting, and rest
B) meditation, prayer, and sleep
C) bloodletting, exercise, and fasting
D) dream interpretation, herbal remedies, and trephining

Question 30

Plato believed that disturbed behavior grew out of conflicts between

A) emotion and reason.
B) children and parents.
C) individuals and the community.
D) biological and psychological stressors.

Question 31

What did Socrates view as the cornerstone of personal happiness and the good life?

A) reasoning
B) physical health
C) appeasement of the gods
D) freedom from internal conflict

Question 32

Which ancient philosopher believed that people who were mentally ill should be separated from society?

A) Socrates
B) Hippocrates
C) Plato
D) Aristotle

Question 33

How did ancient Greek philosophers lay the groundwork for the development of modern science?

A) They equated mind with brain.
B) They proposed natural causes of abnormal behavior.
C) They determined normal amounts of humors in the body.
D) They recommended asylums for the treatment of the mentally ill.

Question 34

An ancient Greek citizen hears that Galen proposed that personality and abnormal behavior were determined by an imbalance of humors. When this man asks a friend to describe what Galen means by humors, what will he be told?

A) The term describes body fluids.
B) The term describes an individual's spiritual life.
C) Humors is a term used to describe basic mental capacities.
D) An individual's reason and emotion are summarized by this one word.

Question 35

Which physician believed that mental illness was a result of imbalances in body fluids?

A) Dix
B) Pinel
C) Galen
D) Kraepelin

Question 36

The ancient Greek physician, Galen, is examining a patient and concludes that the patient has an excess of black bile. What term will Galen use to describe this patient's condition?

A) manic
B) anxious
C) melancholic
D) schizophrenic

Question 37

What focus of St. Augustine's writings led him to be described as a forerunner of modern psychodynamic theories?

A) sexuality
B) aggression
C) introspection
D) the unconscious

Question 38

What was a common explanation of the causes of mental illness during the Middle Ages in Europe?

A) demonology
B) mental retardation
C) natural, biological causes
D) imbalances in reason and emotion

Question 39

During what historical period in Europe was the role of reason de-emphasized in the study of mental illness?

A) Medieval era
B) World War I
C) Middle Ages
D) Renaissance

Question 40

Outbreaks of group hysteria were especially prevalent during what historical period in Europe?

A) the B.C. era
B) the Renaissance
C) the Middle Ages
D) the Medieval period

Question 41

During the Middle Ages in Europe, people who did not show mental disorders at birth but did show disabilities later in life were called

A) idiots.
B) psychotic.
C) natural fools.
D) non compos mentis.

Question 42

The 16^th-century physician, Johann Weyer, explained paranoia, epilepsy, psychosis, and depression in terms of

A) witchcraft.
B) psychological conflict.
C) possession by evil spirits.
D) an imbalance of body fluids.

Question 43

Why was Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy important in the study of depression?

A) described the role of anger in depression
B) proposed a theory of imbalanced humors
C) based on the life history of King George III
D) described autopsies of depressed persons' brains

Question 44

Whose psychotic episode provided a major stimulus for the movement toward humane treatment of the mentally ill?

A) King George III
B) Baruch Spinoza
C) Franz Joseph Gall
D) William Shakespeare

Question 45

Physiognomy is a method of judging character, personality, and feelings based on

A) bodily fluids.
B) skin temperature.
C) form of the body.
D) bumps on the head.

Question 46

Franz Joseph Gall's theory that various psychological "faculties" are located in specific areas of the brain and can be measured by examining bumps and indentations on the head is known as

A) magnetism.
B) phrenology.
C) physiognomy.
D) non compos mentis.

Question 47

You spend some time rummaging through boxes in the attic, and come across a photograph of several people who posed in front of a storefront sign that had the word Phrenologist. If the people in the photograph were there to visit the phrenologist, what was most likely to occur during the visit?

A) The phrenologist would examine their handwriting for help in gathering information to give vocational recommendations.
B) The phrenologist would examine their skulls for bumps or indentations that were thought to indicate levels of various faculties.
C) The individuals would gather in a circle and the phrenologist would try to reach the spirits of some of their deceased relatives.
D) The individuals would try to persuade members of their group that he or she was in need of an operation called trephining that would remove evil spirits.

Question 48

William Cullen, a Scottish physician in the 1700s, believed that neurotic behavior was caused by physical defects in the

A) spleen.
B) small intestine.
C) nervous system.
D) circulatory system.

Question 49

Imagine that you seek treatment provided by William Cullen. Which of the following treatments are you likely to undergo while under his care?

A) exorcism, exercise, and enemas
B) bloodletting, cold dousing, and vomiting
C) relaxation, massage, and vegetable diet
D) lobotomy, electroconvulsive therapy, and restraints

Question 50

A patient seeks the treatment advocated by Franz Anton Mesmer. What is this patient likely to experience as part of the treatment?

A) group therapy followed by dream interpretation
B) ingesting a variety of drugs to enhance responsiveness
C) a technique similar to hypnosis that relies on suggestion
D) stress-inducing techniques designed to shock the nervous system

Question 51

The reform movement in the 19^th century in Europe was marked by

A) herbal remedies.
B) increased compassion for the mentally ill.
C) successful surgical treatments for mental illness.
D) rejection of scientific explanations of mental illness.

Question 52

Franz Anton Mesmer's use of magnets and "animal magnetism" in the treatment of abnormal behavior was a forerunner of

A) hypnosis.
B) medication.
C) phrenology.
D) bloodletting.

Question 53

Who was responsible for the idea of sympathy for the deranged and humane care and treatment was a course for wellness?

A) William Cullen
B) Franz Joseph Gall
C) Franz Anton Mesmer
D) Philippe Pinel

Question 54

What treatment approach sought to control and rehabilitate patients through a fixed schedule that encouraged regular habits?

A) phrenology
B) Mesmerism
C) moral treatment
D) Rogerian therapy

Question 55

"Moral treatment" of the mentally ill during the reform movement involved

A) exorcism.
B) physical restraint.
C) calm surroundings.
D) forgiveness of sins.

Question 56

In the American colonies, the mentally ill were associated with paupers and criminals because all three groups were seen as

A) intolerant.
B) possessed.
C) needing special charity.
D) a menace to the community.

Question 57

What was the primary purpose of treatment techniques such as purging and bloodletting used by Benjamin Rush?

A) to allow evil spirits to escape
B) to reduce pressure on the brain's blood vessels
C) to separate the emotion centers from the higher brain centers
D) to reduce the level of neurotransmitters in the nervous system

Question 58

What was Dorothea Dix's major contribution to the treatment of the mentally ill?

A) She encouraged the founding of mental hospitals.
B) She classified the major symptoms of depression and mania.
C) She developed the diagnostic system that is still used today.
D) She insisted that the mentally ill would receive better care if allowed to live at home with their families.

Question 59

Who wrote about personal experiences as a patient and founded the National Committee for Mental Hygiene?

A) Clifford Beers
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Benjamin Rush
D) Wilhelm Griesinger

Question 60

Who encouraged the construction of many new mental hospitals in the U.S.?

A) Benjamin Rush
B) Robert Burton
C) Clifford Beers
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 61

Who was responsible for founding the National Committee for Mental Hygiene (now known as the National Association for Mental Health)?

A) a former mental patient
B) several concerned physicians
C) an agency of the federal government
D) a committee of bishops of the Catholic Church

Question 62

Perry Baird was hospitalized for a manic-depressive condition. One of the treatments was a prefrontal lobotomy. What type of treatment was this?

A) removal of the spleen
B) cutting nerve tracts that carry pain messages
C) surgical intervention to provide a means of escape for evil spirits
D) surgical separation of nerve fibers connecting the frontal lobe and the thalamus

Question 63

The year is 1949 and a patient at a mental hospital is being prepared for a lobotomy, which is a new surgical intervention for treating mental illnesses. Many staff members are unfamiliar with the procedure so they are full of questions. When they inquire they are told that a lobotomy involves cutting the fibers that connect the

A) frontal lobe and thalamus.
B) left and right hemispheres.
C) cerebellum and parietal lobe.
D) limbic system and occipital lobe.

Question 64

Why did the slogan "Mental diseases are brain diseases" become popular in the nineteenth century?

A) Many theorists argued that mental disorders were caused by direct and indirect influence of disturbance in how the brain functioned.
B) This was the age of "rational thinking" which emphasized personal achievement and social adjustment.
C) More emphasis was being placed on emotions, motivations, and conflicts with the brain.
D) Maladaptive behavior was being viewed from biological and psychological perspectives.

Question 65

When considering the interactional approach to research, social, psychological, and________ variables play a significant role in causation and influence the outcome of several disorders.

A) physiological
B) emotional
C) biological
D) anatomical

Question 66

What term do we use to describe our reaction to situations that impose demands or constraints, or which offer opportunities?

A) stress
B) regression
C) sublimation
D) vulnerability

Question 67

Ted is trying to remember the key concepts of abnormal psychology and he is having difficulty remembering and understanding vulnerability and resilience. One of his friends says it is easy, just remember that vulnerability and resilience are really

A) risk and protective factors.
B) primary and secondary factors.
C) genetic and environmental factors.
D) diagnostic and therapeutic factors.

Question 68

What term is used for the likelihood of responding maladaptively to certain situations?

A) coping
B) resiliency
C) vulnerability
D) maladjustment

Question 69

As a young boy, Jamar saw another child killed in a car accident. As an adult, he witnessed a terrible multi-car pileup and fire and found himself frozen and unable to respond to the desperate cries for help from the occupants who were trapped in the burning wreckage. Jamar's inability to respond in this case may be due to his unique

A) resiliency.
B) adaptation.
C) vulnerability.
D) adjustment.

Question 70

A researcher who has been studying the development of brain disorders was interviewed and described new research focused on a high-risk group. If Jan is a member of this high-risk group, what can we conclude about her?

A) She has a high level of resilience.
B) Her life conditions have led her to develop protective factors.
C) She has experienced life conditions that increase her vulnerability.
D) Her past life conditions have compensated for her maladjustment.

Question 71

Resilience is the ability to function effectively under what condition?

A) in the face of adversity
B) without using coping skills
C) in the absence of stressors
D) when adaptation is avoided

Question 72

Under what conditions is maladaptive behavior most likely to occur?

A) low stress and low vulnerability
B) low stress and high vulnerability
C) high stress and low vulnerability
D) high stress and high vulnerability

Question 73

Clinical interventions are methods of helping distressed people deal with vulnerability and improve their:

A) coping skills
B) resilience
C) communication skills
D) intervention strategies

Question 74

What term describes techniques available to an individual in dealing with difficulties and overcoming them?

A) adaptation
B) vulnerability
C) coping skills
D) stress reactions

Question 75

_________data examines the number of new cases of a condition while _________ data examines the frequency of occurrence of a condition.

A) incidence; raw
B) incidence; prevalence
C) survey; incidence
D) prevalence; incidence

Question 76

Epidemiologists are primarily interested in the

A) treatment of illnesses.
B) use of experimental methods.
C) occurrence of illnesses in a population.
D) causes of stigmatization among mental patients.

Question 77

During a class discussion at the local high school, one of the students says his father is an epidemiologist. Which of the following is most likely to be one of the tasks this man has been working on lately?

A) studying rates of alcoholism on campuses of different sizes
B) designing packaging to increase the sale of alcoholic beverages to the public
C) investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on interpersonal communication
D) determining how the type of music in a bar influences the amount of alcohol sold

Question 78

Which of the following is the best example of the type of data that an epidemiologist might use?

A) a community's hospital records
B) results of a person's psychological testing
C) surveys about attitudes toward mental illness
D) changes in symptoms over the course of therapy

Question 79

A researcher uses interviews to determine the rate of alcoholism among African Americans, European Americans, and Native Americans. What type of research is this researcher using?

A) a longitudinal study
B) naturalistic observation
C) an epidemiological study
D) a quasi-experimental study

Question 80

In the town of Passivity, three people had anxiety disorders in the past but not now. Four people developed anxiety disorders six years ago, and continue to have anxiety disorders now. Which of the following might an epidemiologist write in her report concerning the rate of anxiety disorders in this community during the last 12 months?

A) incidence = 4
B) prevalence = 7
C) prevalence = 4
D) lifetime prevalence = 10