Deck 9: Negative Punishment

Question 1

Jamal had a high rate of extremely serious self-injury. What procedure was used to get that down to near zero?

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Negative punishment
E) Extinction

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The negative punishment contingency involves a different reinforcer from the one maintaining the penalized behavior.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What worked best to get Mark to stop saying "ain't"?

A) Ignoring his ain'ts
B) Removing points when he said "ain't"
C) A mild water mist in the face when he said "ain't"

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Ayllon and team were able to successfully encourage Byron from insisting on sleeping with Mommy and Daddy with what procedure.

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Negative punishment
E) Extinction
F) Rational discussion
G) Response cost

Question 5

Sam Spade had free access to the toys in the playroom, except when he started screaming. Then Dawn would set him in a chair for two minutes. This is an example of...

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Negative punishment
E) Response cost
F) Time-out

Question 6

A time-out contingency differs from solitary confinement and penalties in sports.

Question 7

In the example with the colicky baby, Jenny reduced her crying by removing her toys, every time she cried.

Question 8

Response cost and time-out are subcategories of this concept.

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Extinction
D) Negative Punishment

Question 9

When Mike started misbehaving, his teacher would remove the ribbon from around his wrist and require him to sit by himself in the coat closet for 3 minutes.

Question 10

A/n ______ design will help you determine if the changes in the independent variables are responsible for the changes in the dependent variable.

A) Controverted
B) Obverse
C) Response-cost
D) Reversal
E) No correct answer

Question 11

In the example with the colicky baby, noncontingent presentation of the music reduced crying.

Question 12

Helping humanity in addition to adding to human knowledge are major values of basic research.

Question 13

We often need to collect baseline data to be sure the intervention, the independent variable, is causing the changes we see in the dependent variable.

Question 14

Must the reinforcer removed by the penalty be the same as the one maintaining the penalized behavior?

Question 15

What is another terminology for punishment by the loss of a reinforcer?

A) Escape
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Negative Punishment
D) Extinction

Question 16

To get praise from the coach, the athletes must do 100 push-ups. Is the requirement of 100 push-ups an example of response cost?

Question 17

The coach hears one of the players using foul language and removes her from the game for 10 minutes. What is this an example of?

A) Time-out
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Response cost
D) Extinction

Question 18

To help Claude become a thriving baby, Larson, Ayllon, and Barrett (1987) used all the following contingencies, EXCEPT:

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Negative punishment

Question 19

Mark has all his points, he threatens, and he loses 50 Points. This is an example of

A) Time-out
B) Response cost
C) Neither-it falls in the twilight zone

Question 20

Not only as basic researchers, but also as practitioners, it is sometimes important to collect baseline data.

Question 21

What was the contingency Dawn used to help April stop her crying (Larson and Ayllon).

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Positive punishment
D) Negative punishment

Question 22

To answer this question, circle the correct letters in the boxes. Be careful on this one. The components in this table are not arranged as they were in the text, so the answers aren't in the same positions as in the text.
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Positive punishment
c. Negative reinforcement
d. Negative punishment

Question 23

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response.

A)Time-out contingency
B)Contingent removal contingency
C)Negative punishment contingency
D)Negative reinforcement contingency
E)Response-cost contingency
F)Deep-sorrow contingency

Question 24

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-The response- contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response.

A)Time-out contingency
B)Contingent removal contingency
C)Negative punishment contingency
D)Negative reinforcement contingency
E)Response-cost contingency
F)Deep-sorrow contingency

Question 25

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of the response.

A)Time-out contingency
B)Contingent removal contingency
C)Negative punishment contingency
D)Negative reinforcement contingency
E)Response-cost contingency
F)Deep-sorrow contingency

Question 26

Fill in each blank with the correct word that completes each definition

-Time-out contingency
$\bullet$ The response-contingent of
$\bullet$ ___________________ to a ___________________
$\bullet$ resulting in a ___________________ frequency of that response.

Question 27

Fill in each blank with the correct word that completes each definition

-Response-cost contingency
$\bullet$ The response-contingent ____________________ of
$\bullet$ a ____________________ reinforcer
$\bullet$ resulting in a __________________ frequency of that response.

Question 28

Fill in each blank with the correct word that completes each definition

-Negative punishment contingency
$\bullet$ The response-contingent
$\bullet$ _________________ of
$\bullet$ a _____________________
$\bullet$ resulting in a _________________ frequency of that response.

Question 29

Define the following concepts:

-Negative Punishment

Question 30

Define the following concepts:

-Response-cost contingency

Question 31

Define the following concepts:

-Time-out contingency

Question 32

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:

-Negative Punishment

Question 33

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:

-Response-cost contingency

Question 34

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Time-out contingency

Question 35

Describe the use of a negative punishment continency to reduce self-injury. Include:
$\bullet$ The person whose behavior was modified
$\bullet$ The undesirable behavior
$\bullet$ The reinforcer used in the negative punishment contingency
$\bullet$ The contingency
$\bullet$ The results

Question 36

Describe the use of a negative punishment contingency to reduce poor English. Include:
$\bullet$ The person whose behavior was modified
$\bullet$ The desired behavior
$\bullet$ The reinforcer used
$\bullet$ The contingency
$\bullet$ The results

Question 37

Describe the use of time-out to reduce disruptive and destructive behavior. Include:
$\bullet$ The person whose behavior was modified
$\bullet$ The undesirable behavior
$\bullet$ The reinforcer used
$\bullet$ The contingency
$\bullet$ The results

Question 38

How does time-out differ from solitary confinement and penalties in sports?

Question 39

Compare and contrast exclusionary and non-exclusionary time-out, and provide an example of:
$\bullet$ Exclusionary time-out
$\bullet$ Non-exclusionary time out

Question 40

Describe a behavioral intervention using non-exclusionary time-out to reduce hyperactivity. Specify:
$\bullet$ The response classes
$\bullet$ The negative punishment contingency.
$\bullet$ The presumed reinforcers
$\bullet$ The contingency diagram
$\bullet$ The results
$\bullet$ Any other interesting features of the intervention

Question 41

Construct the complete, final contingency table of the four basic contingencies, all properly labeled.

Question 42

Draw, fill in, and explain the tree diagram of the four basic behavioral contingencies.

Question 43

What are the two main values of basic scientific research?

Question 44

Compare and contrast positive punishment, negative punishment, response cost, and time-out.

Question 45

Reversal design
$\bullet$ Define it.
$\bullet$ And show how Tate and Baroff's research on the use of time-out to reduce self-injury meets the three components of the definition.

Question 46

Response Cost vs. Time-out
-Construct the table comparing and contrasting, time-out and response cost.

Question 47

Fill in the following empty boxes.
-Fill in the contingency diagram for a behavioral intervention using time-out to reduce a student's problem behavior (Insert a specific behavior into the contingency: don't be general or vague)

Question 48

Fill in the following empty boxes.
-Diagram the negative punishment contingency used by Ayllon, Garber, and Allison for getting rid of a child's inappropriate nighttime visits.

Question 49

Fill in the following empty boxes.
-Diagram the contingency Dawn used to help April stop her crying (Larson and Ayllon).