Question 1

Draw, fill in, and explain the tree diagram of the four basic behavioral contingencies.

Accepted Answer

A tree diagram for the four basic behavioral contingencies can be drawn as follows:

- The first level of the tree diagram will have two branches, one for "Reinforcement" and one for "Punishment".
- The "Reinforcement" branch will further split into "Positive Reinforcement" and "Negative Reinforcement".
- The "Positive Reinforcement" branch will then lead to "Addition of a desirable stimulus" and "Increase in the likelihood of behavior".
- The "Negative Reinforcement" branch will lead to "Removal of an aversive stimulus" and "Increase in the likelihood of behavior".
- The "Punishment" branch will also split into "Positive Punishment" and "Negative Punishment".
- The "Positive Punishment" branch will lead to "Addition of an aversive stimulus" and "Decrease in the likelihood of behavior".
- The "Negative Punishment" branch will lead to "Removal of a desirable stimulus" and "Decrease in the likelihood of behavior".

Question 2

Response Cost vs. Time-out
-Construct the table comparing and contrasting, time-out and response cost.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 3

Describe the use of time-out to reduce disruptive and destructive behavior. Include:
$\bullet$The person whose behavior was modified
$\bullet$The undesirable behavior
$\bullet$The reinforcer used
$\bullet$The contingency
$\bullet$The results

Accepted Answer

The use of time-out is a behavior modification technique used to reduce disruptive and destructive behavior. It involves removing the individual from a situation or environment where the undesirable behavior is occurring, and placing them in a designated time-out area for a specified period of time.

The person whose behavior was modified is typically a child or individual exhibiting disruptive or destructive behavior.

The undesirable behavior could include tantrums, aggression, or other forms of acting out.

The reinforcer used in this case is the removal of attention or access to preferred activities or items during the time-out period.

The contingency is that the individual must remain in the time-out area until the specified time-out period is over, and they must exhibit appropriate behavior before being allowed to return to the previous activity or environment.

The results of using time-out as a behavior modification technique can include a reduction in the frequency and intensity of the disruptive or destructive behavior, as well as an increase in the individual's ability to self-regulate and exhibit appropriate behavior in the future.

Question 4

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Time-out contingency

Accepted Answer

A time-out contingency is a behavior man

Question 5

Construct the complete, final contingency table of the four basic contingencies, all properly labeled.

Accepted Answer

The complete, final contingency table of

Question 6

Describe the use of a negative punishment contingency to reduce poor English. Include:
$\bullet$The person whose behavior was modified
$\bullet$The desired behavior
$\bullet$The reinforcer used
$\bullet$The contingency
$\bullet$The results

Accepted Answer

The person whose behavior was modified:

Question 7

Fill in the following empty boxes.
-Fill in the contingency diagram for a behavioral intervention using time-out to reduce a student's problem behavior (Insert a specific behavior into the contingency: don't be general or vague)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the following empty boxes.
-Fill in...

Question 8

Not only as basic researchers, but also as practitioners, it is sometimes important to collect baseline data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-___ Response-cost contingency

Accepted Answer

A) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) The response- contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
C) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of the response. 
A) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) The response- contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
C) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of the response.

Question 10

Define the following concepts:
-Time-out contingency

Accepted Answer

A time-out contingency is a behavioral m

Question 11

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Negative Punishment

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment is a concept from be

Question 12

We often need to collect baseline data to be sure the intervention, the independent variable, is causing the changes we see in the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-___ Negative punishment contingency

Accepted Answer

A) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) The response- contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
C) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of the response. 
A) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) The response- contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
C) The response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of the response.

Question 14

Must the reinforcer removed by the penalty be the same as the one maintaining the penalized behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Response-cost contingency

Accepted Answer

A response-cost contingency is a behavio

Question 16

Describe a behavioral intervention using non-exclusionary time-out to reduce hyperactivity. Specify:
$\bullet$The response classes
$\bullet$The negative punishment contingency.
$\bullet$The presumed reinforcers
$\bullet$The contingency diagram
$\bullet$The results
$\bullet$Any other interesting features of the intervention

Accepted Answer

A behavioral intervention using non-excl

Question 17

In the example with the colicky baby, Jenny reduced her crying by removing her toys, every time she cried.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Reversal design
$\bullet$Define it.
$\bullet$And show how Tate and Baroff's research on the use of time-out to reduce self-injury meets the three components of the definition.

Accepted Answer

The reversal design is a type of single-

Question 19

Jamal had a high rate of extremely serious self-injury. What procedure was used to get that down to near zero?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Positive punishment 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Negative punishment 
E)  Extinction 
A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Positive punishment 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Negative punishment 
E)  Extinction

Question 20

Compare and contrast exclusionary and non-exclusionary time-out, and provide an example of:
$\bullet$Exclusionary time-out
$\bullet$Non-exclusionary time out

Accepted Answer

Exclusionary time-out and non-exclusiona

Exam 9: Negative Punishment

Draw, fill in, and explain the tree diagram of the four basic behavioral contingencies.

Response Cost vs. Time-out -Construct the table comparing and contrasting, time-out and response cost.

Describe the use of time-out to reduce disruptive and destructive behavior. Include: ∙\bullet∙ The person whose behavior was modified ∙\bullet∙ The undesirable behavior ∙\bullet∙ The reinforcer used ∙\bullet∙ The contingency ∙\bullet∙ The results

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Time-out contingency

Construct the complete, final contingency table of the four basic contingencies, all properly labeled.

Describe the use of a negative punishment contingency to reduce poor English. Include: ∙\bullet∙ The person whose behavior was modified ∙\bullet∙ The desired behavior ∙\bullet∙ The reinforcer used ∙\bullet∙ The contingency ∙\bullet∙ The results

Fill in the following empty boxes. -Fill in the contingency diagram for a behavioral intervention using time-out to reduce a student's problem behavior (Insert a specific behavior into the contingency: don't be general or vague)

Not only as basic researchers, but also as practitioners, it is sometimes important to collect baseline data.

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.) -___ Response-cost contingency

Define the following concepts: -Time-out contingency

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Negative Punishment

We often need to collect baseline data to be sure the intervention, the independent variable, is causing the changes we see in the dependent variable.

Match the following definitions with the terms below, the official terms from the book. (Not all the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.) -___ Negative punishment contingency

Must the reinforcer removed by the penalty be the same as the one maintaining the penalized behavior?

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Response-cost contingency

In the example with the colicky baby, Jenny reduced her crying by removing her toys, every time she cried.

Reversal design ∙\bullet∙ Define it. ∙\bullet∙ And show how Tate and Baroff's research on the use of time-out to reduce self-injury meets the three components of the definition.

Jamal had a high rate of extremely serious self-injury. What procedure was used to get that down to near zero?

Compare and contrast exclusionary and non-exclusionary time-out, and provide an example of: ∙\bullet∙ Exclusionary time-out ∙\bullet∙ Non-exclusionary time out

Respondent Conditioning

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part I

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part II

Research Methods

The Philosophy Supporting Behavior Analysis

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Positive Punishment

Extinction and Recovery

Differential Reinforcement and Differential Punishment

Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers and Punishers

Motivating Operations

Basic Stimulus Control

Complex Stimulus Control

Imitation

Avoidance

Shaping

Behavioral Chains

Ratio Schedules

Time-Based Schedules

Concurrent Contingences

Maintenance and Transfer

Verbal Behavior

Rule-Governed Behavior: Concepts and Applications

Rule-Governed Behavior: Theory

Filters

Describe the use of time-out to reduce disruptive and destructive behavior. Include: $\bullet$ The person whose behavior was modified $\bullet$ The undesirable behavior $\bullet$ The reinforcer used $\bullet$ The contingency $\bullet$ The results

Describe the use of a negative punishment contingency to reduce poor English. Include: $\bullet$ The person whose behavior was modified $\bullet$ The desired behavior $\bullet$ The reinforcer used $\bullet$ The contingency $\bullet$ The results

Reversal design $\bullet$ Define it. $\bullet$ And show how Tate and Baroff's research on the use of time-out to reduce self-injury meets the three components of the definition.

Compare and contrast exclusionary and non-exclusionary time-out, and provide an example of: $\bullet$ Exclusionary time-out $\bullet$ Non-exclusionary time out