Deck 11: Policing and Multiculturalism

Question 1

Under what was known as the Frankpledge System, citizens raised the __________ upon being victimized, which generated a response from every able bodied male in the community.

A) call for vigilantism
B) round 'em up
C) hue and cry
D) Amber Alert

Answer 1

C

Question 2

London magistrate Sir Henry Fielding is credited with creating the ___________, a precursor to the first formal police department.

A) Bow Street Runners
B) London Metropolitan Police Force
C) Police of the Metropolis
D) London Bounty Hunters

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________ were laws designed to nullify the rights granted to newly freed slaves in the U.S.

A) Slave Laws
B) Black Codes
C) Corrective Justice Statutes
D) Protection Laws

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The three eras of policing include all of the following, EXCEPT the _________ era.

A) political
B) community
C) reform
D) antagonistic

Question 5

__________, or the practice of rewarding friends, created early police departments that often reflected the communities they served.

A) Civil service
B) Patronage
C) Communalism
D) Expatriation

Question 6

The ___________ (also known as the Kerner Commission) was created to study the causes behind the rioting of the 1960s.

A) National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
B) President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
C) President's Crime Commission
D) Justice For All Commission

Question 7

As determined in the Supreme Court case ___________, the exclusionary rule prohibits the introduction in court of illegally seized materials.

A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Gideon v. Wainwright
C) Mapp v. Ohio
D) Terry v. Ohio

Question 8

Government agencies that receive public funds and all private employers must have affirmative action plans. Affirmative action plans require employers to do all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) conduct a census of current employees
B) ensure that at least 10% of administrative positions are held by females or minorities
C) identify underutilization or concentration of minorities and women
D) develop a recruiting plan to correct any underutilization of minorities or women

Question 9

Too often, women and minorities in policing experience the __________, or an abstract barrier preventing certain groups and/or individuals from moving beyond entry-level positions.

A) glass ceiling
B) permeable horizon
C) vertical roadblock
D) wall of isolation

Question 10

The term "underpolicing" refers to the police denying equal protection to racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. by failing to protect them from violent racist actions by Whites.

Question 11

The London Metropolitan Police Act, passed in 1829, disbanded all formalized policing in London.

Question 12

In the early American South, slave patrols were prohibited from entering the dwelling of slaves.

Question 13

Limited technology and walking beats are representative of the community era of policing.

Question 14

The Watts (CA) riot was initiated by a traffic stop.

Question 15

In the Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, the Court mandated that all defendants are entitled to representation.

Question 16

The Christopher Commission was assembled in the wake of the Rodney King incident in response to claims of Los Angeles police officer misbehavior.

Question 17

The police subculture promotes a distinct working personality that encourages solidarity, authoritarianism, and sometimes the exclusion of female and minority officers.

Question 18

Alice Collins was the first African American female to head a large municipal police department.

Question 19

It is argued that some Black officers suffer from double marginality, meaning that they are viewed as traitors by some in the black community, while their White officer colleagues may distrust them.

Question 20

The __________ explanation of police use deadly force holds that disproportionate shootings of African American residents are more likely to occur where racial or economic differences are greatest, because of the threat resultant from the divisions between the groups.

Question 21

Prohibition had a significant effect on policing during the ________ era.

Question 22

Prior to the creation of formal policing, communities used the ____________ system, which was the practice of informal social control in which community members protected one another.

Question 23

The ____________ era of policing, which began around 1980 and continues today, involves efforts by the police to reconnect with the public.

Question 24

Policing during the __________ era were impacted by many significant factors, including
several landmark Supreme Court decisions and the civil rights movement.

Question 25

___________ policing, a component of community policing, involves a four-step approach to addressing specific types of crimes in the community. The steps involve scanning, analysis, response, and assessment.

Question 26

A series of ___________ programs designed to promote the hiring of minority applicants assisted with diversifying police departments.

Question 27

Affirmative action policies are controversial in that they generate charges of ___________ discrimination, or claims that minorities are being hired at the expense of those in the majority.

Question 28

Researchers categorized the factors that influence an officer's use of discretion into three categories, including organizational influence, officer characteristics, and ____________ characteristics.

Question 29

___________ explanations suggest that police killings are more likely to occur in areas experiencing high violent crime rates, or where officers must respond to urban conditions such as enhanced levels of poverty, thus making their job more difficult.