Deck 14: Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Question 1

Because of increasing cases of fluorosis,low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula.Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 1

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 2

Human breast milk contains omega-3 (docosahexaenoic)and omega-6 (arachidonic)fatty acids.Compared with cow's milk,human milk is low in lactose and relatively high in protein.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 2

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 3

Fluoride supplementation is recommended for all infants older than 6 weeks because this mineral increases the strength and acid resistance of developing tooth enamel.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 3

The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Question 4

Each is true of iron requirements,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Healthy, full-term infants require minimal iron during the first 6 months.
B) Breast-fed infants do not require iron supplementation until 4 to 6 months.
C) Iron supplementation is recommended after 4 months for formula-fed, healthy infants.
D) Preterm infants should receive iron supplements after 6 months.
E) Iron supplementation is usually given as liquid drops.

Question 5

Each is true,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Infant formulas should be discontinued at approximately 1 year of age.
B) Vitamin D-fortified whole milk should not be provided until 2 years.
C) Low-fat milk is not recommended for children younger than 2 years.
D) Special toddler formulas are available but are unnecessary.

Question 6

Infants who are given artificial infant milk tend to weigh less than breast-fed infants.No artificial infant milk can match the benefits of breast milk.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 7

Rice is added to infant formulas to prevent:

A) allergic diseases.
B) acid reflux.
C) anemia.
D) necrotizing enterocolitis.

Question 8

Iron-rich food or a daily low-dose oral iron supplement should be initiated at what age?

A) 2 to 3 months
B) 4 to 6 months
C) 5 to 6 months
D) 6 months

Question 9

Which food flavor preference is NOT innate?

A) Sweet
B) Sour
C) Salty
D) Unami

Question 10

Infants born with a cleft palate are at a greater risk for health problems and fatality.While holding the infant in the sitting position during feeding may be easier,it results in nasal regurgitation.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

The birth weight of an infant doubles in 3 months,and it has quadrupled by 1 year of age.Length or height increases by 50% by year of age.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 12

The most powerful predictor for how much children eat is how much food is put on their plate.The MyPlate sections for kids are different from those of adults.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

Fluoride supplements should never be taken with:

A) water.
B) juice.
C) milk.
D) soda.

Question 14

Maxillary molars are affected first by early childhood caries.Artificial infant milk is more cariogenic than human breast milk.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 15

An appropriate caloric concentration of infant formula that provides adequate nutrients for full-term infants is approximately _____ kcal/oz.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

Question 16

Human breast milk provides distinct advantages over commercially produced formulas because the infant's system is not fully developed.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 17

Children given artificial infant milk formula:

A) weigh more than breast-fed infants.
B) develop better control of their milk intake than breast-fed infants.
C) enjoy all the same nutritional benefits as breast-fed infants.
D) are less likely to develop food allergies than breast-fed children.

Question 18

Each is true of human breast milk,except one.Which is the exception?

A) It is normally thin with a slightly bluish color.
B) It contains long-chain fatty acids.
C) It is low in cholesterol.
D) Fat digestion cannot occur for several months after birth.
E) Although iron content is low, it is utilized efficiently.

Question 19

To help prevent early childhood caries (ECC),the dental hygienist should recommend the infant:

A) not be given nighttime bottles.
B) drink pasteurized skim milk.
C) eat iron-rich foods.
D) drink fruit juice.

Question 20

A mother's food choices during pregnancy will affect her child's health,but have little bearing on later preferences because flavors from the mother's diet rarely transmit through amniotic fluid.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 21

The slow childhood growth rate accelerates with pubescence until the rate is as rapid as that of early infancy.During pubescence,growth of long bones,secondary sexual maturation,and fat and muscle deposition create an increased nutrient requirement.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 22

A mother asks about healthy snacks for her three children under 4 years old.All are wise choices the dental hygienist can recommend,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Low-fat milk or yogurt
B) Whole-grain cereals
C) Raw vegetable sticks
D) Cheese cubes
E) Nuts and seeds

Question 23

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
Preference for sweet foods

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants

Question 24

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
Caries protective physical barrier

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants

Question 25

Which is true of early childhood caries (ECC)? (Select all that apply.)

A) ECC is the current most current term describing this condition.
B) ECC is characterized by early rampant decay.
C) ECC is associated with inappropriate feeding practice.
D) Severe early childhood caries is the preferred terminology by pediatricians.
E) Infants with ECC are typically overweight because of eating patterns.

Question 26

Which is true of protein requirements for infants? (Select all that apply.)

A) Adequate intake for protein is 1.52 g/kg from birth to 6 months of age.
B) The recommended dietary allowance for older infants is 1.78 g/kg.
C) Recommended protein intakes are based on mean protein intake of breast-fed infants.
D) Recommended protein intakes translate to about 9.1 to 13 g/day.

Question 27

Each feeding tip is considered sound,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Parents should assume control of food portions and not rely on the child's internal hunger cues.
B) Family mealtime is essential for children's nutrition, health, and overall well-being.
C) Children should play actively every day.
D) Smaller plates should be used for children.

Question 28

Which are sound recommendations regarding children's oral health? (Select all that apply.)

A) Water is the ideal beverage between meals.
B) Encourage the use of fluoridate toothpaste once teeth have erupted.
C) Recommendations for fluoride usage should be determined by need and based on risk indicators.
D) Teach children to use a quarter-sized amount of toothpaste to limit the amount accidentally swallowed.
E) Refer low-income patients to appropriate government agencies such as WIC or food stamp programs.

Question 29

Which snack should the dental hygienist encourage to decrease incidence of dental caries? (Select all that apply.)

A) Cheese cubes
B) Crackers
C) Pastries
D) Raw vegetables

Question 30

Tooth eruption patterns of school-aged children are marked by exfoliation of all or most primary teeth and eruption of permanent teeth.During this period,application of topical fluoride is less effective than systemic fluoride administration.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 31

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
Horizontal projection of upper teeth beyond the lower teeth

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants

Question 32

Which statements accurately describe aspects of early childhood caries (ECC)? (Select all that apply.)

A) The primary contributing factor to ECC is infection with lactobacilli.
B) Bacterial colonization occurs prior to tooth eruption.
C) Infection occurs through transmission of the pathogen from caregiver to the infant.
D) The addition of frequent or prolonged exposure to a fermentable carbohydrate is an additional factor.
E) Damage from tooth decay can progress to rampant caries and abscesses.

Question 33

The best way to prevent osteoporosis is through building bone mass during what stage of life?

A) Infancy
B) Early childhood
C) Adolescence
D) Young adulthood

Question 34

When counseling a parent regarding early childhood caries (ECC),advice from the dental hygienist should include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Limit the child's access to a sippy cup containing milk or juice.
B) If natural fluoride is low, install a home filtration system to add fluoride.
C) During the first year, food that requires chewing should be added based on the number of erupted teeth.
D) Wean the infant from the bottle soon after the first birthday.
E) To encourage more consumption of fluids, add fruit juice to bottle and sippy cup.

Question 35

Children with cerebral palsy,Down syndrome,and intellectual disabilities are likely to have abnormal sensory input and muscle tone.A small,underdeveloped tongue is common in many such disorders and results in diminished nutritional status.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 36

Each is commonly deficient in the diet of adolescents,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Fiber
B) Protein
C) Riboflavin
D) Calcium
E) Vitamin D

Question 37

Sticky carbohydrate foods such as candies,cookies,and pastries are cariogenic,but crackers and raisins are not because crackers and raisins contain less processed,more natural ingredients.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 38

The mother of a toddler is concerned because her son is not eating well.Each,except one,is a sound tip the dental hygienist can provide.Which is the exception?

A) Until age 6, a good rule of thumb is 1 Tbsp of vegetables, fruit, or meat per year of life.
B) Eating at the same time everyday helps control appetite.
C) Food jags should be discouraged with the parent taking charge of food intake.
D) If sufficient amounts are not eaten at meals, snacks should be limited to nutrient-dense selections.
E) If a child has been active, a short rest before a meal improves intake.

Question 39

Each is accurate regarding iron consumption and prevention of anemia,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Iron deficiency in exclusively breast-fed infants is rare.
B) The incidence of anemia usually declines with age.
C) Anemia is observed more often in African American children than in white or Asian children.
D) Consuming vitamin C with iron-rich foods diminished absorption of iron.
E) Milk is a poor source of iron.

Question 40

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
Mandible is located posterior to its normal position

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants

Question 41

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
Natural ingredient in breast milk related to brain and retinal development

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants

Question 42

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
The most common developmental disorder of children

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants

Question 43

Dental hygienists working with new parents, infants, and children should be familiar with normal growth and development patterns and effectively communicate nutritional needs. Match each nutritional and oral term with its most appropriate description.
Involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth

A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants