Deck 13: Exercise, Infection Risk, Immune Function and Inflammation in Special Populations

Question 1

Low estrogen levels are associated with...

A) Elevated neutrophil chemotaxis
B) Elevated Th1 responses
C) Elevated Th2 responses
D) Elevated numbers of circulating Treg cells
E) Increased B cell Ig production

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Timmons et al. (2005) found that, in women, 90 minutes of cycling at 65% of maximal aerobic power was associated with...

A) An exaggerated leukocytosis during the luteal phase
B) An exaggerated leukocytosis during the follicular phase
C) An attenuated leukocytosis during the luteal phase
D) An attenuated leukocytosis during the follicular phase
E) An exaggerated leukocytosis when estrogen levels are high

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Nieman et al. (1994b) found that, compared with older sedentary women who took part in stretching exercises, 12 weeks of supervised walking exercise in older sedentary women was associated with...

A) Enhanced neutrophil function compared with pre-training
B) Enhanced lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen compared with pre-training
C) Enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxic activity compared with pre-training
D) Lower numbers of circulating Th1 cells compared with pre-training
E) Lower reported incidence of symptoms of respiratory infection

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Current available evidence suggests that...

A) Exercise programmes lasting 4 months or less are effective at enhancing resting levels of immune function in older people
B) Acute exercise is associated with a greater recruitment of lymphocyte populations in older compared with younger people
C) Regular participation in exercise training over a period of years is associated with enhanced immune functions compared with that of sedentary older people
D) Acute exhaustive exercise is associated with larger increases in NK cell numbers in older people compared with younger people
E) Antibody responses to vaccines are not affected by regular exercise participation in older people

Question 5

Spielmann et al. (2011) found that age-adjusted aerobic fitness was positively associated with...

A) The proportion of circulating naïve CD8+ T cells
B) The proportion of 'exhausted' or senescent CD8+ T cells
C) Seropositivity for Epstein-Barr virus
D) Seropositivity for cytomegalovirus
E) The proportion of circulating NK cells

Question 6

Which types of immune cell are targeted by HIV?

A) Microglia
B) Monocytes
C) T helper cells
D) Macrophages
E) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following are important considerations when evaluating the effect of exercise training programmes on HIV disease progression?

A) Initial CD4+ count
B) Training programme length
C) Compliance with the training programme
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 8

The literature suggests that intensive exercise training has a negative effect on CD4+ cell numbers.

Question 9

Compared with able-bodied individuals, those with spinal cord injury exhibit...

A) Similar SIgA responses to acute exercise
B) Elevated SIgA responses to acute exercise
C) Attenuated SIgA responses to acute exercise
D) Elevated NK cell cytotoxicity responses to acute exercise
E) Similar NK cell cytotoxicity responses to acute exercise

Question 10

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Immune cell gene expression is rapidly activated even after short bouts of exercise
B) Immune cell gene expression is rapidly deactivated even after short bouts of exercise
C) Immune cell gene expression is dependent on exercise workload
D) Immune cell gene expression is influenced by age
E) Immune cell gene expression is independent of the menstrual cycle