Question 1

Current available evidence suggests that...

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise programmes lasting 4 months or less are effective at enhancing resting levels of immune function in older people 
B)  Acute exercise is associated with a greater recruitment of lymphocyte populations in older compared with younger people 
C)  Regular participation in exercise training over a period of years is associated with enhanced immune functions compared with that of sedentary older people 
D)  Acute exhaustive exercise is associated with larger increases in NK cell numbers in older people compared with younger people 
E)  Antibody responses to vaccines are not affected by regular exercise participation in older people 
A)  Exercise programmes lasting 4 months or less are effective at enhancing resting levels of immune function in older people 
B)  Acute exercise is associated with a greater recruitment of lymphocyte populations in older compared with younger people 
C)  Regular participation in exercise training over a period of years is associated with enhanced immune functions compared with that of sedentary older people 
D)  Acute exhaustive exercise is associated with larger increases in NK cell numbers in older people compared with younger people 
E)  Antibody responses to vaccines are not affected by regular exercise participation in older people C

Question 2

Nieman et al. (1994b) found that, compared with older sedentary women who took part in stretching exercises, 12 weeks of supervised walking exercise in older sedentary women was associated with...

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhanced neutrophil function compared with pre-training 
B)  Enhanced lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen compared with pre-training 
C)  Enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxic activity compared with pre-training 
D)  Lower numbers of circulating Th1 cells compared with pre-training 
E)  Lower reported incidence of symptoms of respiratory infection 
A)  Enhanced neutrophil function compared with pre-training 
B)  Enhanced lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen compared with pre-training 
C)  Enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxic activity compared with pre-training 
D)  Lower numbers of circulating Th1 cells compared with pre-training 
E)  Lower reported incidence of symptoms of respiratory infection E

Question 3

Spielmann et al. (2011) found that age-adjusted aerobic fitness was positively associated with...

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of circulating naïve CD8+ T cells 
B)  The proportion of 'exhausted' or senescent CD8+ T cells 
C)  Seropositivity for Epstein-Barr virus 
D)  Seropositivity for cytomegalovirus 
E)  The proportion of circulating NK cells 
A)  The proportion of circulating naïve CD8+ T cells 
B)  The proportion of 'exhausted' or senescent CD8+ T cells 
C)  Seropositivity for Epstein-Barr virus 
D)  Seropositivity for cytomegalovirus 
E)  The proportion of circulating NK cells A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immune cell gene expression is rapidly activated even after short bouts of exercise 
B)  Immune cell gene expression is rapidly deactivated even after short bouts of exercise 
C)  Immune cell gene expression is dependent on exercise workload 
D)  Immune cell gene expression is influenced by age 
E)  Immune cell gene expression is independent of the menstrual cycle 
A)  Immune cell gene expression is rapidly activated even after short bouts of exercise 
B)  Immune cell gene expression is rapidly deactivated even after short bouts of exercise 
C)  Immune cell gene expression is dependent on exercise workload 
D)  Immune cell gene expression is influenced by age 
E)  Immune cell gene expression is independent of the menstrual cycle

Question 5

Which types of immune cell are targeted by HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microglia 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  T helper cells 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Microglia 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  T helper cells 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

Compared with able-bodied individuals, those with spinal cord injury exhibit...

Accepted Answer

A)  Similar SIgA responses to acute exercise 
B)  Elevated SIgA responses to acute exercise 
C)  Attenuated SIgA responses to acute exercise 
D)  Elevated NK cell cytotoxicity responses to acute exercise 
E)  Similar NK cell cytotoxicity responses to acute exercise 
A)  Similar SIgA responses to acute exercise 
B)  Elevated SIgA responses to acute exercise 
C)  Attenuated SIgA responses to acute exercise 
D)  Elevated NK cell cytotoxicity responses to acute exercise 
E)  Similar NK cell cytotoxicity responses to acute exercise

Question 7

The literature suggests that intensive exercise training has a negative effect on CD4+ cell numbers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following are important considerations when evaluating the effect of exercise training programmes on HIV disease progression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Initial CD4+ count 
B)  Training programme length 
C)  Compliance with the training programme 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Initial CD4+ count 
B)  Training programme length 
C)  Compliance with the training programme 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

Timmons et al. (2005) found that, in women, 90 minutes of cycling at 65% of maximal aerobic power was associated with...

Accepted Answer

A)  An exaggerated leukocytosis during the luteal phase 
B)  An exaggerated leukocytosis during the follicular phase 
C)  An attenuated leukocytosis during the luteal phase 
D)  An attenuated leukocytosis during the follicular phase 
E)  An exaggerated leukocytosis when estrogen levels are high 
A)  An exaggerated leukocytosis during the luteal phase 
B)  An exaggerated leukocytosis during the follicular phase 
C)  An attenuated leukocytosis during the luteal phase 
D)  An attenuated leukocytosis during the follicular phase 
E)  An exaggerated leukocytosis when estrogen levels are high

Question 10

Low estrogen levels are associated with...

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated neutrophil chemotaxis 
B)  Elevated Th1 responses 
C)  Elevated Th2 responses 
D)  Elevated numbers of circulating Treg cells 
E)  Increased B cell Ig production 
A)  Elevated neutrophil chemotaxis 
B)  Elevated Th1 responses 
C)  Elevated Th2 responses 
D)  Elevated numbers of circulating Treg cells 
E)  Increased B cell Ig production

Current available evidence suggests that...

Nieman et al. (1994b) found that, compared with older sedentary women who took part in stretching exercises, 12 weeks of supervised walking exercise in older sedentary women was associated with...

Spielmann et al. (2011) found that age-adjusted aerobic fitness was positively associated with...

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which types of immune cell are targeted by HIV?

Compared with able-bodied individuals, those with spinal cord injury exhibit...

The literature suggests that intensive exercise training has a negative effect on CD4+ cell numbers.

Which of the following are important considerations when evaluating the effect of exercise training programmes on HIV disease progression?

Timmons et al. (2005) found that, in women, 90 minutes of cycling at 65% of maximal aerobic power was associated with...

Low estrogen levels are associated with...

The Influence of Exercise on Infection Risk

The Human Immune System

Effects of Exercise on Blood Leukocyte Numbers

Effects of Exercise on Innate Immune Function

Effects of Exercise on Acquired Immune Function

Effects of Exercise on Mucosal Immunity

Effect of Extreme Environments on Immune Responses to Exercise

Immune Responses to Intensified Periods of Training

Exercise, Nutrition and Immune Function

Practical Guidelines on Minimising Infection Risk in Athletes

Allergy in Sport

Exercise and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: the Role of Cytokines and the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise

Filters

Exam 13: Exercise, Infection Risk, Immune Function and Inflammation in Special Populations

Current available evidence suggests that...

Nieman et al. (1994b) found that, compared with older sedentary women who took part in stretching exercises, 12 weeks of supervised walking exercise in older sedentary women was associated with...

Spielmann et al. (2011) found that age-adjusted aerobic fitness was positively associated with...

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which types of immune cell are targeted by HIV?

Compared with able-bodied individuals, those with spinal cord injury exhibit...

The literature suggests that intensive exercise training has a negative effect on CD4+ cell numbers.

Which of the following are important considerations when evaluating the effect of exercise training programmes on HIV disease progression?

Timmons et al. (2005) found that, in women, 90 minutes of cycling at 65% of maximal aerobic power was associated with...

Low estrogen levels are associated with...

The Influence of Exercise on Infection Risk

The Human Immune System

Effects of Exercise on Blood Leukocyte Numbers

Effects of Exercise on Innate Immune Function

Effects of Exercise on Acquired Immune Function

Effects of Exercise on Mucosal Immunity

Effect of Extreme Environments on Immune Responses to Exercise

Immune Responses to Intensified Periods of Training

Exercise, Nutrition and Immune Function

Practical Guidelines on Minimising Infection Risk in Athletes

Allergy in Sport

Exercise and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: the Role of Cytokines and the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise

Filters