Deck 12: Exercise and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: the Role of Cytokines and the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise

Question 1

The major source of IL-6 in the circulation during exercise comes from...

A) Adipose tissue
B) Smooth muscle
C) Connective tissue
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Liver

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Exercise suppresses the secretion of Th2 cytokines more than Th1 cytokines.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following tissues is responsible for the chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with increased chronic disease risk in later life?

A) Adipose tissue
B) Endothelial tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Cardiac muscle

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The main trigger for increased infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue is thought to be...

A) Increased numbers of adipocytes
B) Increased levels of fatty acids
C) Increased numbers of T cells in adipose tissue
D) Increased size of adipocytes
E) Increased secretion of adiponectin by adipocytes

Question 5

Catecholamines upregulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by immune cells.

Question 6

M1 macrophages produce TNF-a and IL-6 while the M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and arginase.

Question 7

The inflammatory (CD14+CD16+) monocytes normally constitute about what percentage of the total blood monocyte population?

A) 0.1
B) 0.25
C) 0.5
D) 0.75
E) 0.9

Question 8

Which cytokine produced by Treg cells has several inhibitory effects on immune cell functions?

A) IL-1β
B) IL-2
C) IL-4
D) IL-6
E) IL-10

Question 9

Monocyte TLR4 expression is generally lower in young unfit individuals compared with older fit individuals.

Question 10

Increased insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is not caused by any known immune mechanisms.