Deck 16: Significance Testing Was It a Real Effect

Question 1

1) Usually a researcher would prefer a result significant with:

A) p < .01
B) p < .1
C) p < .05
D) p < .5

Answer 1

A

Question 2

2) Which of these is a null hypothesis:

A) There will be no difference between males and females in number of problems solved
B) There will be a difference between males and females in number of problems solved
C) There is no difference between males and females in number of problems solved
D) There is a difference between males and females in number of problems solved

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3) Which of the following is correct?

A) In a one-tailed test the direction of the difference between groups is predicted
B) In a one-tailed test the direction of the difference between groups is not predicted
C) In a one-tailed test the alternative hypothesis does not state the predicted direction of difference between groups
D) In a one-tailed test the null hypothesis predicts that there will be no difference between groups

Answer 3

A

Question 4

4) In a normal distribution a z score of 2.55 would be:

A) Significant with p < .05 two-tailed
B) Significant with p < .01 two-tailed
C) Significant with p < .001 one-tailed
D) Significant with p < .005 one-tailed

Question 5

5) "Girls will have higher math scores than boys" is a:

A) Non- directional hypothesis
B) Directional hypothesis
C) Non- directional prediction
D) Directional prediction

Question 6

6) A researcher using a 1% rather than a 5% level of significance is:

A) More likely to make a Type I error
B) More likely to make a Type II error
C) Less likely to make a Type II error
D) More likely to make both a Type I and Type II error

Question 7

In a study which compares reaction times between two groups, one which has been asked to run a treadmill for 15 minutes and one not using the treadmill,
-7) effect size is:

A) The size of the difference between the means of the two groups
B) The estimated size of the difference between means of the populations from which the groups are drawn
C) The estimated size of the difference between standard deviations of the populations from which the two groups are drawn
D) The actual size of the mean of the faster group

Question 8

In a study which compares reaction times between two groups, one which has been asked to run a treadmill for 15 minutes and one not using the treadmill,
-8) In the above reaction time study, a difference between two groups in favour of the treadmill condition where p is less than .05 would indicate:

A) Proof that running a treadmill reduces reaction times
B) Support for the null hypothesis
C) Support for the proposal that running a treadmill reduces reaction times
D) That the alternative hypothesis should be rejected

Question 9

9) Suppose a friend said they could influence the fall of a coin and then proceeded to guess correctly on four consecutive tosses. We cannot accept this as a significant outcome because:

A) The result of each toss is independent of the last result
B) They did not formulate a null hypothesis
C) The probability of four consecutive correct calls is greater than .05
D) The coin could be biased

Question 10

10) A researcher wishes to find out whether there is a significant difference between a group of South American students and a group of African students in liking for the course they have just finished. All students will leave the country permanently just after the survey is completed. An appropriate level of significance to achieve would be:

A) p < .01
B) p < .1
C) p < .05
D) p < .5