Deck 9: Applications of Forensic Toxicology

Question 1

Anabolic agent steroids (AAS) compounds are used in sports because

A) the increase the red blood cell count
B) they improve the oxygen capacity of hemoglobin
C) they provide a long-term enhancement of adrenaline capacity
D) they promote development of male characteristics
E) none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following substances are not endogenous?

A) EPO
B) testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) GHB
E) none of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What is physiological pH?

A) 6.2
B) 6.8
C) 7.4
D) 8.1
E) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The central blood collected at autopsy comes from the

A) stomach
B) liver
C) heart
D) femoral artery
E) none of the above

Question 5

The femoral artery/vein is the place that ________ blood is collected at autopsy

A) central
B) peripheral
C) redistributed
D) separated
E) none of the above

Question 6

Which body fluids are considered filtrates of the blood?

A) oral fluid and urine
B) urine and bile
C) bile and oral fluid
D) vitreous fluid and urine
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of these fluids is considered to be anatomically isolated?

A) oral fluid
B) bile
C) urine
D) vitreous fluid
E) none of the above

Question 8

Why is vitreous fluid considered to be valuable as a matrix in post-mortem testing?

A) There is plenty of it to work with
B) concentrations of drugs and metabolites are preserved longer than in other tissues
C) It concentrates the lipophilic drugs and metabolites
D) It decomposes into simple components
E) none of the above

Question 9

An analyst collects hair from a victim of a drug faciliated sexual assault. After cleaning, they cut it into 0.5cm segments and analyze these segments and find flunitrazepam at measurable concentrations. When the data is plotted as drug concentration on the y-axis and concentration on the x-axis, the points form a roughly linear pattern sloping downward. The indicates that

A) the dose was relatively recent
B) the dose was several days or weeks in the past
C) the dose has not yet undergone metabolism
D) the drug does not metabolize
E) none of the above

Question 10

A weakly basic drug with a pKa of 7.5 partitions from the blood into OF with a pH of 6.7. If ion trapping occurs, where will the drug be trapped?

A) in the blood
B) in the oral fluid
C) equally in both
D) no trapping will occur
E) none of the above

Question 11

Phenytoin is a weakly acidic drug with a pKa of 8.3. Assume that the urine has a pH of 6.2. To what degree will phenytoin be ion trapped in the urine?

A) extensive ion trapping
B) moderate ion trapping
C) no ion trapping
D) insufficient data provided
E) none of the above

Question 12

The novel basic drug methcathinone has a pKa of 8. OF is collected from a driver stopped for possible DUI and is tested in a forensic toxicology laboratory. Assuming the blood is at physiological pH and the OF has a pH of 6.5, the concentration detected in the OF is likely to be _________ than the plasma concentration.

A) less than
B) essentially the same
C) higher
D) much less
E) none of the above

Question 13

What type of reactions are utilized in immunoassay tests?

A) acid-base
B) oxidation-reduction
C) antigen-antibody
D) enzyme-substrate
E) none of the above

Question 14

Immunoassays are used for what purpose in forensic toxicology?

A) identification of NPSs
B) screening for selected drug classes
C) screening for new variants of opioids
D) quantifying opioids
E) none of the above

Question 15

The units of blood alcohol are typically given in

A) molarity
B) g/L
C) g/dL
D) mg/L
E) none of the above

Question 16

The limits established for BAC are set by

A) public health services
B) law enforcement
C) legislation
D) local data
E) none of the above

Question 17

In phase 1 metabolism, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by what enzyme?

A) CYP450
B) alcohol oxidase
C) alcohol dehydrogenase
D) aldehyde deoxidase
E) none of the above

Question 18

Why does ethanol elimination follow zero-order kinetics?

A) the enzymes used become saturated and limit the speed of the reaction
B) metabolism occurs outside of the liver
C) the enzymes needed are in excess so the ethanol concentration controls the rate of reaction
D) ethanol is eliminated through the breath before significant metabolism can occur
E) none of the above

Question 19

The descriptor rho used in blood alcohol calculations is the same as the

A) logP
B) pKa
C) V_d
D) bioavailability F
E) none of the above

Question 20

A man downs two shots (1.5 fluid ounces each) of a liquor that is listed as 72 proof. The density of ethanol is 0.88 ounces per fluid ounce and one ounce is 28.35 grams. How many grams of ethanol did he ingest?

A) 75
B) 14
C) 35
D) 27
E) none of the above

Question 21

A woman drinks a large glass of wine (11.0 fluid ounces) that is listed as 13% alcohol. The density of ethanol is 0.88 ounces per fluid ounce and one ounce is 28.35 grams. How many grams of ethanol did she ingest?

A) 312
B) 36
C) 3
D) 46
E) none of the above

Question 22

A pint (16 fluid ounces) of a strong beer (9.3% alcohol) is the equivalent of how many standard drinks? The density of ethanol is 0.88 ounces per fluid ounce and one ounce is 28.35 grams.

A) 2.7
B) 1.5
C) 1
D) 3
E) none of the above

Question 23

Given the following data:
R/V_d = 0.70L/kg (men) 0.60L/kg (women)
Beta = 0.02 g/dL per hour
Standard drink = 14g
Estimate the number of standard drinks consumed by a woman (75kg) whose BAC_max is the legal limit of 0.08g/dL

A) less than one
B) 2.6
C) 3.0
D) 1.3
E) none of the above

Question 24

Given the following data:
R/V_d = 0.70L/kg (men) 0.60L/kg (women)
Beta = 0.02 g/dL per hour
Standard drink = 14g
Calculate the BACmax (g/dL) for a man (100kg) who drinks two shots of tequila and ingests 29 g of ethanol

A) 0.07
B) 0.04
C) 0.68
D) 0.4
E) none of the above

Question 25

Given the following data:
R/V_d = 0.70L/kg (men) 0.60L/kg (women)
Beta = 0.02 g/dL per hour
Standard drink = 14g
Calculate how many standard drinks a woman (62kg) ingested if her BAC is measured as 0.12g/dL 90 minutes after the BAC_max level was reached.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) none of the above

Question 26

According to Henry's Law, the concentration of ethanol in the blood is about _____ times that in exhaled air

A) 100
B) 2100
C) 1000
D) 1500
E) none of the above

Question 27

The physiological reason that a person dies is called the

A) cause of death
B) manner of death
C) contribution factors to a death
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 28

The manner of death is classified as

A) purposeful or unintentional
B) accidental or purposeful
C) accidental, suicide, homicide, or natural
D) natural or suspicious
E) none of the above

Question 29

One method to detect post-mortem redistribution of a drug is to

A) compare concentrations in the urine to the vitreous fluid
B) compare the concentration in the central blood to the peripheral blood
C) establish the time of death and test the vitreous fluid
D) compare the blood concentration to the liver concentration
E) none of the above