Deck 9: The Age of Schools

Question 1

Structuralism flourished at the University of Chicago and Columbia University.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Gestalt psychology championed the use of free association and dream analysis.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Behaviorism argued that the best source of psychological information in introspection.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The nomothetic and idiographic approaches respectively focus on general laws and individual processes.

Question 5

The functionalist approach was more explicit at Chicago than at Columbia.

Question 6

The schools differed in the extent to which they believed that psychology should be applied to the solution of individual and social problems.

Question 7

By the middle of the 20th century, the dominant schools were behaviorism and psychoanalysis.

Question 8

The fragmentation of psychology during the first half of the 20th century gave way to attempts at unification of the field during the second half of the 20th century.

Question 9

The schools became more tolerant of one another by the middle of the 20th century.

Question 10

Scientific materialism was a central tenet for all five of the schools of psychology.

Question 11

The major schools of psychology flourished mostly during the

A) first half of the 20th century
B) first half of the 19th century
C) second half of the 19th century
D) second half of the 20th century

Question 12

The functionalist school emphasized mainly

A) adaptation
B) introspection
C) natural wholes
D) the objective study of behavior

Question 13

The structuralist school emphasized mainly

A) introspection
B) free association
C) adaptation
D) natural wholes

Question 14

The behaviorist school emphasized mainly

A) the objective study of behavior
B) free association
C) behavioral genetics
D) introspection

Question 15

The Gestalt school emphasized mainly

A) natural wholes
B) adaptation
C) psychotherapy
D) free association

Question 16

The psychoanalytic school emphasized mainly

A) free association
B) introspection
C) adaptation
D) the objective study of behavior

Question 17

Critical empiricism and the laboratory study of psychological processes characterized each of the schools EXCEPT

A) psychoanalysis
B) Gestalt psychology
C) structuralism
D) functionalism

Question 18

Quantification characterized which of these schools?

A) all of them
B) behaviorism
C) functionalism
D) structuralism

Question 19

Which of the schools persisted beyond the middle of the 20th century?

A) behaviorism and psychoanalysis
B) structuralism and functionalism
C) Gestalt psychology and structuralism
D) functionalism and Gestalt psychology

Question 20

Atomism to some extent characterized all of the schools EXCEPT

A) Gestalt psychology
B) behaviorism
C) structuralism
D) functionalism

Question 21

Describe the fate of the schools during the second half of the 20th century.

Question 22

When did fragmentation become a feature of psychology?

Question 23

Which of the schools concentrated primarily on introspection to analyze conscious contents?

Question 24

Which of the schools was most concerned with the adaptation of the organism to its environment?

Question 25

Which of the schools denied the validity of any subjective data?

Question 26

Which of the schools argued that all the other schools were too associationistic and elementistic?

Question 27

Which of the schools argued that each of the other schools failed to recognize the importance of unconscious processes?

Question 28

Which decades of the 20th century are generally regarded as "the age of schools?"

Question 29

What were the major "schools" of psychology, and when did each of them flourish?

Question 30

What were some of the major issues on which the schools differed?

Question 31

What was the major focus of each of the five schools?

Question 32

What happened to each of the schools during the middle of the 20th century?

Question 33

Describe the orientation of each of the five schools to the issue of whether psychology should remain a "pure science" or should concentrate on applications as well.