Deck 5: Community in the Modern World

Question 1

The text reports that sociologist George Hillery found substantial agreement among the majority of authors on three points involving community. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) Community involves groups of people who reside in a geographically distinct area.
B) Community refers to the quality of the relationships between the members of the group.
C) Community is defined as a group of people who have the same lifestyle.
D) Community refers to a group of people who are engaged in sustained social interaction.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the text, a(n) __________ is a group of people who share a geographic area and who are bound together by a common culture, values, race, or social class.

A) city
B) community
C) urban area
D) megalopolis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A(n) __________ is a binding agreement between two or more individuals or parties.

A) contract
B) obligation
C) tradition
D) will

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________ refers to communities that are small and relatively homogeneous.

A) Gesellschaft
B) Gemeinschaft
C) Organic solidarity
D) Quasi-urban

Question 5

__________ refers to large, complex, heterogeneous societies composed of individuals who differ in their racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic characteristics.

A) Mechanical solidarity
B) Gemeinschaft
C) Super-urban
D) Gesellschaft

Question 6

The police and the court system are illustrations of __________ authority.

A) traditional
B) charismatic
C) rational-legal
D) informal

Question 7

__________ is found in small homogeneous societies, similar to Tönnies's Gemeinschaft.

A) Mechanical solidarity
B) Organic solidarity
C) Rational-legal authority
D) Formal social control

Question 8

Durkheim used the term __________ in referring to the values, beliefs, and sentiments held in common by the members of society.

A) informal social control
B) mechanical solidarity
C) organic solidarity
D) collective conscience

Question 9

The text observes that modern societies are large and complex, composed of diverse groups of people of which an individual has little or no knowledge. Durkheim used the term __________ in referring to this type of social organization.

A) organic solidarity
B) mechanical solidarity
C) Gemeinschaft
D) Gesellschaft

Question 10

The text observes that the urban landscape is not homogeneous and undifferentiated, but is composed of a mosaic of social worlds. Robert Park referred to these subcommunities as

A) the Gemeinschaft.
B) the Gesellschaft.
C) natural areas.
D) the collective conscience.

Question 11

Janowitz introduced the concept of __________ to describe the intentional, voluntary, and especially the partial and differential involvement of residents in their local community.

A) mechanical solidarity
B) community of limited liability
C) natural areas
D) symbolic communities

Question 12

Suttles determined that in large cities, the mental maps that individuals develop consist of three symbolic structures. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) the face-block
B) the defended neighborhood
C) the Gemeinschaft
D) the community of limited liability

Question 13

The most elementary grouping in urban areas is a network of acquaintances known as the

A) face-block.
B) defended neighborhood.
C) community of limited liability.
D) Gemeinschaft.

Question 14

Greer, Orleans, and others suggest that approximately 90 percent of a city's population fits into one of three categories. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) isolates
B) neighbors
C) community neighbors
D) the Gesellschaft

Question 15

The text observes that today, most local communities have chain stores, branch banks, schools, and churches that serve the local community but are affiliated with metropolitan or national organizations. Warren refers to these ties as

A) face-blocks.
B) vertical patterns of integration.
C) defended neighborhoods.
D) community neighbors.

Question 16

The major contribution of Sir Henry Maine is his demonstration that one cannot understand a society's legal system without first understanding its social system.

Question 17

Gesellschaft leads to a communal life based on tradition, with strong sentimental attachments to the moral code and conventions of the place.

Question 18

Gesellschaft is a contractual, individualistic society in which the accumulation of property has a greater importance than close personal ties among individuals.

Question 19

Mechanical solidarity occurs in societies in which separate groups perform many different functions.

Question 20

Keller suggests that many of the key components of the concept of the natural area have been integrated into the popular term neighborhood.

Question 21

Explain Tönnies's concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Give examples of each.

Question 22

Explain Durkheim's concepts of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Give examples of each.

Question 23

Define and give examples of the three symbolic structures, the face-block, the defended neighborhood, and the community of limited liability.