Chat with AIExam 5: Community in the Modern World
Janowitz introduced the concept of __________ to describe the intentional, voluntary, and especially the partial and differential involvement of residents in their local community.
(41) 
VerifiedB
Gesellschaft leads to a communal life based on tradition, with strong sentimental attachments to the moral code and conventions of the place.
(40) VerifiedFalse
Explain Durkheim's concepts of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Give examples of each.
(38) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotEmile Durkheim, a prominent sociologist, introduced the concepts of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity to explain the different forms of social cohesion in societies.
Mechanical solidarity refers to the social cohesion that arises from the similarity of individuals in a society. In this type of solidarity, individuals share similar values, beliefs, and norms, and there is a strong collective conscience that binds them together. This form of solidarity is commonly found in traditional, pre-industrial societies where people have similar roles and responsibilities, and there is a strong emphasis on conformity and tradition. An example of mechanical solidarity can be seen in small, close-knit communities where everyone shares the same religious beliefs and cultural practices, and there is a strong sense of unity and conformity.
On the other hand, organic solidarity refers to the social cohesion that arises from the interdependence of individuals in a society. In this type of solidarity, individuals have different roles and responsibilities, and there is a division of labor that creates a sense of mutual reliance and cooperation. This form of solidarity is commonly found in modern, industrial societies where people have diverse occupations and expertise, and there is a greater emphasis on individualism and specialization. An example of organic solidarity can be seen in a complex, urban society where people have different professions and skills, and they rely on each other for goods and services.
Overall, Durkheim's concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity highlight the different ways in which societies can be held together, either through similarity and tradition (mechanical solidarity) or through interdependence and specialization (organic solidarity). These concepts provide valuable insights into the dynamics of social cohesion and the changes that occur as societies transition from traditional to modern forms of organization.
The text observes that the urban landscape is not homogeneous and undifferentiated, but is composed of a mosaic of social worlds. Robert Park referred to these subcommunities as
(40) The most elementary grouping in urban areas is a network of acquaintances known as the
(35) A(n) __________ is a binding agreement between two or more individuals or parties.
(37) Durkheim used the term __________ in referring to the values, beliefs, and sentiments held in common by the members of society.
(39) The text reports that sociologist George Hillery found substantial agreement among the majority of authors on three points involving community. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
(35) Explain Tönnies's concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Give examples of each.
(41) The police and the court system are illustrations of __________ authority.
(40) According to the text, a(n) __________ is a group of people who share a geographic area and who are bound together by a common culture, values, race, or social class.
(31) The major contribution of Sir Henry Maine is his demonstration that one cannot understand a society's legal system without first understanding its social system.
(49) __________ refers to large, complex, heterogeneous societies composed of individuals who differ in their racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic characteristics.
(42) Suttles determined that in large cities, the mental maps that individuals develop consist of three symbolic structures. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
(43) Define and give examples of the three symbolic structures, the face-block, the defended neighborhood, and the community of limited liability.
(46) __________ is found in small homogeneous societies, similar to Tönnies's Gemeinschaft.
(38) Keller suggests that many of the key components of the concept of the natural area have been integrated into the popular term neighborhood.
(38) The text observes that today, most local communities have chain stores, branch banks, schools, and churches that serve the local community but are affiliated with metropolitan or national organizations. Warren refers to these ties as
(40) Gesellschaft is a contractual, individualistic society in which the accumulation of property has a greater importance than close personal ties among individuals.
(35) __________ refers to communities that are small and relatively homogeneous.
(39) 
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