Deck 16: Memory Systems and the Hippocampus

Question 1

The brain has specialized systems to store the different kind of memories, but the content of our experience does not matter to the brain.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The details that make up an episode and the emotional impact of the experience are stored in different brain regions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The patient in Claparède's experiment could remember that Claparède stuck him with a pin but would still shake hands.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The patient in Claparède's experiment could not remember that Claparède stuck him with a pin but would not shake hands.

Question 5

Scoville surgically removed the most of the hippocampus, amygdala, and surrounding cortical regions.

Question 6

Henry Molaison had extensive anterograde and retrograde amnesia, but his short-term memory was intact.

Question 7

Henry Molaison could not learn or retain any new skills.

Question 8

It is difficult to develop an animal model of episodic memory because animals can't directly tell the experiment what they recall.

Question 9

Initial experiments by Mishkin revealed that damage to either the hippocampus or the amygdala had very little effect on delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) performance.

Question 10

Initial experiments by Mishkin revealed that damage to either the hippocampus or the amygdala had severe effect on DNMS performance.

Question 11

The delay matching to sample task requires the subject to choose the previously sampled object.

Question 12

Damage to the hippocampus or the amygdala did not impair performance on the DNMS task.

Question 13

The delay matching to sample task requires the subject to choose the novel object.

Question 14

The delay matching to sample task can be performed without a hippocampus.

Question 15

One cannot have a sense of familiarity without recollection.

Question 16

Recollection includes content that is supported by the episodic memory system, but familiarity does not.

Question 17

It is likely that the monkeys with damage to the hippocampus were using recognition based on familiarity to perform the DNMS.

Question 18

It is likely that the monkeys with damage to the hippocampus were using recognition based on recollection to perform the DNMS.

Question 19

The correct choice on the DNMS task is the sample object

Question 20

According to the modular view, the entorhinal cortex is on top of the hierarchy for semantic memory.

Question 21

According to the modular view, the entorhinal cortex is on top of the hierarchy for episodic memory.

Question 22

According to the modular view, the hippocampal formation is not required for semantic memory.

Question 23

According to the unitary view, the hippocampal formation is required for episodic memory but not for semantic.

Question 24

According to the unitary view, components of the MTH system are relatively dedicated to specific functions.

Question 25

Endel Tulving argued that episodic memory should be considered as separate from declarative memory.

Question 26

Patients with selective damage to the hippocampus that was sustained in early childhood had impaired cognitive function and severe amnesia.

Question 27

Patients with selective damage to the hippocampus that was sustained in early childhood had normal cognitive function and severe episodic memory impairments. amnesia.

Question 28

What is the multiple memory systems perspective?

Question 29

What evidence supports the conclusion that the details that make up an episode and the emotional impact of the experience are stored in different brain regions?

Question 30

What evidence supports the conclusion that the memory system that supports skillful behaviors is outside of the region of the brain that supports our ability to recollect the training episodes?

Question 31

Henry Molaison was not the first patient to display amnesia for certain types of information. What was unique about his case?

Question 32

Did Henry Molaison's case provide evidence for the multiple memory systems view? Defend your answer.

Question 33

What primary regions were surgically removed from Henry Molaison's brain?

Question 34

What is the function of the episodic memory system?

Question 35

What is a problem with the animal model for studying episodic memory?

Question 36

What are the two important features of the DNMS task?

Question 37

Initial research with monkeys showed that damage of both the hippocampus and the amygdala was necessary to impair episodic memory. What was wrong with those experiments?

Question 38

Provide an example of recognition without recall.

Question 39

What is an important difference between recognition based on recollection versus recognition based on familiarity?

Question 40

How are episodic and semantic memory systems similar? How are they different?

Question 41

Compare the unitary view and the modular view of the medial temporal hippocampal system.

Question 42

What brought Vargha-Khadem and her colleagues to the conclusion that there was a disproportionate sparing of semantic memory compared to episodic memory in patients who suffered selective damage to their hippocampus early in life?

Question 43

The idea that the brain sorts memories by their content is called the _______ perspective.

Question 44

In the case of Henry Molaison, the _______ were bilaterally removed.

Question 45

The removal of Henry's medial temporal lobes disrupted what is called the _______ memory system.

Question 46

Henry Molaison could learn and retain the skills needed to perform the _______ and rotary-pursuit tasks.

Question 47

Mishkin wrongly concluded that both the hippocampus and _______ were critical for episodic memory

Question 48

Research subsequent to Mishkin's report led to the conclusion that it was the damage to the _______ that drastically impaired performance on the DNMS task.

Question 49

In R.B.'s case, neuropathological assessment of his brain indicated that the pathology was restricted primarily to the _______ region of the _______.

Question 50

Studies of patients with selective damage to the hippocampus reveal that this region is critically involved in _______ memory.

Question 51

_______ memory tasks require that the subject make a judgment about whether something has previously occurred.

Question 52

Recollection includes content that is supported by the _______ memory system.

Question 53

Declarative memory includes episodic memory and _______ memory.

Question 54

Semantic memory is sometimes said to be free of _______.

Question 55

An advocate of the _______ view would argue that semantic memories can be acquired even when the hippocampus is selectively removed.

Question 56

According to the _______ view, damage to the hippocampus will disrupt both semantic and episodic memory.

Question 57

According to the _______ view, damage to the hippocampus will disrupt episodic but not semantic memory.

Question 58

According to the multiple memory perspective, _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) there is a dedicated region of the brain that stores all memories
B) all brain regions equally participate in story memories
C) memories are segregated into different brain regions according to when they were stored
D) the content of the experience determines where it gets stored
E) None of the above

Question 59

Which statement(s) about Henry Molaison is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

A) He was the first person to have part of his brain surgically removed
B) His memory was selectively impaired
C) His memory for motor learning was intact
D) The extent of his brain removal was know
E) None of the above

Question 60

Animal researchers have difficult in confirming a role for the hippocampus in episodic memory because _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) nonhumans do not have episodic memory
B) nonhumans cannot consciously recollect experience
C) nonhumans cannot tell us directly what they remember
D) tasks used by researchers may have solutions that do not require episodic memory
E) None of the above

Question 61

Mishkin originally used the DNMS task because he believed it _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) measured the monkey's ability to differentiate between two objects
B) measured the monkey's food preference
C) was a measure of episodic memory
D) was a measure of familiarity
E) None of the above

Question 62

Damage to the hippocampus did not impair performance on the DNMS task is because _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) the task did required the ability to recollect
B) the hippocampus does not support episodic memory
C) recognition memory can be supported by a familiarity signal
D) damage to the hippocampus was not extensive enough
E) None of the above

Question 63

Animal researchers have difficult in confirming a role for the hippocampus in episodic memory because _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) nonhumans do not have episodic memory
B) nonhumans cannnot consciously recollect experience
C) nonhumans cannot tell us directly what they remember
D) tasks used by researchers may have solutions that do not require episodic memory
E) None of the above

Question 64

According to the unitary view, _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) both semantic and episodic memory depend on the entire MTH system
B) damage to the hippocampal formation will disrupt episodic but not semantic memory
C) components of the MTH system are relatively dedicated to specific functions
D) damage to different parts of the MTH system have different effects on episodic or semantic memory
E) None of the above

Question 65

According to the modular view, _______. (Select all that apply.)

A) components of the MTH system are relatively dedicated to specific functions
B) both semantic and episodic memory depend on the MTH system
C) damage to the hippocampal formation will disrupt semantic memory
D) damage to the perirhinal cortex will only disrupt episodic memory
E) None of the above