Deck 3: The Development of Thinking

Question 1

The A not B error relates to:

A)Perception of depth
B)Object permanence
C)The visual cliff
D)Shape constancy
E)Separation anxiety

Answer 1

Object permanence

Question 2

According to Piaget, the A not B error implies that:

A)Action is subordinate to perception
B)Infants' abilities have been underestimated
C)Perception is subordinate to action
D)Neither perception nor action is subordinate
E)Infants don't understand the experiment

Answer 2

Perception is subordinate to action

Question 3

The term "solipsism" is most relevant to which Piagetian stage?

A)Sensorimotor
B)Stage of intuitive thinking
C)Preoperational
D)Concrete operational
E)Formal operational

Answer 3

Formal operational

Question 4

According to Piaget, which of these processes is most relevant in resolving cognitive conflict?

A)Coordination of schemes
B)Egocentrism
C)Equilibration
D)Accommodation
E)Assimilation

Question 5

What did Piaget find most interesting about the way adolescents handle the pendulum problem?

A)Their lack of motivation
B)That they give a correct judgment
C)That they give an incorrect judgment
D)The way they collaborate with peers
E)The way they tackle the problem

Question 6

Which theoretical tradition did Piaget belong to?

A)Environmentalism
B)Nativism
C)Social Constructivism
D)Constructivism
E)Behaviorism

Question 7

How many stages of infancy did Piaget identify?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)7

Question 8

From about 12 to 18 months, the infant is likely to be able to pass the A not B task, but subtle signs of deep-seated egocentrism might persist. A classic example is:

A)Failure to understand the invisible displacement of an object
B)Temper tantrums
C)Being overly demanding
D)Non-conservation
E)Persistently searching in the same place an object was hidden previously, even though the infant saw the object now being hidden in a different place

Question 9

One of the reasons Piaget offered for infants' difficulty with the object concept is:

A)Lack of imagination
B)Lack of dexterity
C)Lack of mobility
D)Lack of visual acuity
E)Lack of hearing acuity

Question 10

According to Piaget, what is the relationship between perception and action during infancy?

A)There is no relationship between the two during infancy
B)Action is subordinate to perception
C)Perceptual abilities develop in advance of motor skills
D)Perception and action are intimately linked and neither takes precedence over the other
E)Perception is subordinate to action

Question 11

According to Piaget, one of the most important differences between the sensorimotor stage and the preoperational stage is that in the preoperational stage the child has a capacity for:

A)Logic
B)Speech
C)Working things out
D)Imagination
E)Human sense

Question 12

According to Piaget, one of the most important benefits of mental imagery is that it allows:

A)Symbolic thought
B)Pretend play
C)Peer relationships to develop
D)The child to have an imaginary friend
E)Daydreams

Question 13

By "conservation," Piaget was referring to the understanding that:

A)The relative height of two towers can be assessed using a measuring tool of intermediate length
B)Properties remain invariant despite changes in appearance following transformation of a substance
C)Appearances can be deceptive
D)The earth has limited resources that must not be wasted
E)There are more bricks altogether than there are blue bricks

Question 14

In a test of conservation of quantity, Piaget found that children aged 6 years and below tend to say that:

A)Height cancels out width
B)The two glasses contain the same quantity
C)They are not thirsty
D)The short wide glass contains more than the tall thin glass
E)The tall thin glass contains more than the short wide glass

Question 15

In a test of conservation of mass, a typical material used is:

A)Plasticine
B)Dense atomic matter
C)The volume of a hermetically sealed container
D)A large collection of counters
E)Pencils

Question 16

In a test of class inclusion, Piaget aimed to investigate:

A)An understanding that increasing the gap between counters in a row does not mean that the row contains more counters than before
B)Peer rejection
C)Behavior difficulties leading to a threat of exclusion from school
D)An understanding of categorical hierarchy
E)The relative height of two towers using a measuring instrument

Question 17

An example of transitive inference is:

A)Building two towers from building bricks
B)Standing against a wall, marking your height with chalk, and then asking another person to stand by the mark to see if they are taller or shorter
C)Using a ruler to find the length of a piece of string
D)A flash of insight into how to solve any logical problem
E)Working out the names of unfamiliar cartoon characters

Question 18

Which of the following is a principle children use in solving the problem of conservation?

A)Equilibration
B)Juxtaposition
C)Addition
D)Covariation
E)Compensation

Question 19

Which of these terms refers to a mechanism putatively involved in cognitive growth?

A)Equilibration
B)Scheme
C)Inversion
D)Transitive inference
E)Conservation

Question 20

In Piagetian theory, accommodation means:

A)Being flexible with other people
B)Mental capacity
C)Finding a place to live
D)Modification to a scheme
E)Aptitude for making friends

Question 21

In Piagetian theory, assimilation means:

A)The power of the imagination
B)Learning new things
C)Using a scheme in a new way
D)Telling lies
E)The opposite of accommodation

Question 22

In Piagetian theory, an example of a scheme is:

A)Class inclusion
B)A plot to deceive another person
C)Being egocentric
D)Working things out in a systematic way
E)Sucking

Question 23

In Piagetian theory, an example of a formal operation is:

A)Wearing a suit
B)Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
C)Being well mannered
D)Conservation
E)Having grommets fitted

Question 24

Who introduced the concept of "personal fable"?

A)Elkind
B)Piaget
C)Lapsley and Murphy
D)Skinner
E)Freud

Question 25

Imaginary audience is putatively an aspect of:

A)Soccer hooliganism
B)Having an imaginary friend
C)Adolescent egocentrism
D)Solipsism
E)Pretend play