Deck 13: Introduction to Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding differences between adults and children during exercise?

A) The child has a larger heart size than the adult.
B) The child has a larger stroke volume than the adult.
C) Children should be watched closely for poor form and posture during exercises.
D) A child's heart rate is lower during maximal exercise than the adult.

Answer 1

Children should be watched closely for poor form and posture during exercises.

Question 2

What is the primary objective of the vascular response to injury?

A) to bring white blood cells to the area
B) to bring red blood cells to the area
C) to bring platelets to the area
D) to promote bleeding

Answer 2

to bring white blood cells to the area

Question 3

Loss of muscle function as we age can be attributable to all of the following except which one?

A) decreased glucose uptake
B) decreased total fiber
C) decreased muscle fiber size
D) decreased high threshold motor units

Answer 3

decreased glucose uptake

Question 4

Fatigue-resistant type I muscle fibers demonstrate which of the following attributes?

A) They have a high capillary content.
B) They are referred to as fast oxidative fibers.
C) They are white in color.
D) They fatigue rapidly.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct exercise prescription for a 90-year-old individual beginning an exercise program?

A) frequency of 2 to 3 days per week, intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, duration of 20 minutes
B) frequency of 2 to 3 days per week, intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, duration of 45 minutes
C) frequency of 1 day per week, intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, duration of 20 minutes
D) frequency of 5 days per week, intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, duration of 30 minutes

Question 6

A 15-year-old male client has just initiated a strength training program in a local gym.The client tells the PTA that he feels his strength has increased markedly over the first 3 to 4 weeks of this program.This initial gain is due to what phenomenon?

A) increase of type I fibers
B) improved neuromuscular recruitment
C) increase of type II fibers
D) increase in muscle mass

Question 7

What is the youngest age that children can begin strength training safely?

A) age 5
B) age 8
C) age 12
D) age 15

Question 8

Articular cartilage can be described as

A) containing few cells
B) a large neural network
C) a large vascular network
D) a high friction surface

Question 9

A 70-year-old patient asks the PTA about beginning an exercise program.The PTA explains some of the benefits of exercise for this individual.Which of the following is not a benefit of exercise for an individual in this age group?

A) improved function
B) improved balance
C) improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
D) improved nerve conduction velocity

Question 10

Which of the following will have the most profound impact on physical work capacity?

A) 1 week of bedrest
B) 2 weeks of bedrest
C) 3 weeks of bedrest
D) 3 decades of aging

Question 11

Which of the following is false regarding loss of muscle mass?

A) The greatest decline of muscle mass for women occurs with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70 years.
B) The greatest decline of muscle mass in men occurs with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70 years.
C) Males appear to be more vulnerable to loss of lean tissue than females.
D) Muscle mass is lost at a rate of 4 % to 6% per decade starting at age 40 years in women and age 60 years in men.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common site of cancer metastasis?

A) femur
B) tibia
C) humerus
D) pelvis

Question 13

With aging,what two joints are the most susceptible to proprioception decline?

A) shoulder and wrist
B) knee and shoulder
C) ankle and wrist
D) knee and ankle

Question 14

Which of the following types of bone fractures is unique to children?

A) greenstick fracture
B) compression fracture
C) avulsion fracture
D) physeal plate fracture

Question 15

Strength training benefits the geriatric patient population by

A) producing substantial increases in strength and power
B) normalizing blood pressure in those with high normal values
C) reducing insulin resistance
D) increasing maximal oxygen uptake beyond normal

Question 16

Women double their rate of musculoskeletal injury during what time?

A) pregnancy
B) menopause
C) adolescence
D) ovulation

Question 17

Which of the following are primary influences for bone remodeling?

A) mechanical stresses
B) neurologic stresses
C) calcium and phosphate levels
D) hormonal levels

Question 18

Which of the following is a normal response by articular cartilage to the aging process?

A) Proteoglycan aggregation is increased.
B) Chondroitin sulfate content is reduced.
C) Hydrophilic proteoglycans increase their ability to hold water.
D) Larger proteoglycans are synthesized with an increase in keratin sulfate content.

Question 19

A 45-year-old male informs the PTA that he is beginning an endurance training program.The patient reports he is performing his program 2 days per week,at less than 50% maximal uptake,and for approximately 5 minutes.What is the correct advice to give this individual?

A) This is an adequate program to increase endurance.
B) The patient should maintain this current level for 2 weeks then increase his exercise intensity.
C) This exercise program is not adequate for increasing an individual's endurance.
D) The PTA is not qualified to comment on this individuals exercise program.

Question 20

What occurs first when white blood cells arrive at the area of tissue injury and defend the body against infection?

A) pavementing
B) margination
C) chemotaxis
D) diapedesis