Question 1

Fatigue-resistant type I muscle fibers demonstrate which of the following attributes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a high capillary content. 
B)  They are referred to as fast oxidative fibers. 
C)  They are white in color. 
D)  They fatigue rapidly. 
A)  They have a high capillary content. 
B)  They are referred to as fast oxidative fibers. 
C)  They are white in color. 
D)  They fatigue rapidly. A

Question 2

Which of the following is a normal response by articular cartilage to the aging process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteoglycan aggregation is increased. 
B)  Chondroitin sulfate content is reduced. 
C)  Hydrophilic proteoglycans increase their ability to hold water. 
D)  Larger proteoglycans are synthesized with an increase in keratin sulfate content. 
A)  Proteoglycan aggregation is increased. 
B)  Chondroitin sulfate content is reduced. 
C)  Hydrophilic proteoglycans increase their ability to hold water. 
D)  Larger proteoglycans are synthesized with an increase in keratin sulfate content. B

Question 3

Loss of muscle function as we age can be attributable to all of the following except which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased glucose uptake 
B)  decreased total fiber 
C)  decreased muscle fiber size 
D)  decreased high threshold motor units 
A)  decreased glucose uptake 
B)  decreased total fiber 
C)  decreased muscle fiber size 
D)  decreased high threshold motor units A

Question 4

What is the youngest age that children can begin strength training safely?

Accepted Answer

A)  age 5 
B)  age 8 
C)  age 12 
D)  age 15 
A)  age 5 
B)  age 8 
C)  age 12 
D)  age 15

Question 5

Which of the following is false regarding loss of muscle mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  The greatest decline of muscle mass for women occurs with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70 years. 
B)  The greatest decline of muscle mass in men occurs with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70 years. 
C)  Males appear to be more vulnerable to loss of lean tissue than females. 
D)  Muscle mass is lost at a rate of 4 % to 6% per decade starting at age 40 years in women and age 60 years in men. 
A)  The greatest decline of muscle mass for women occurs with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70 years. 
B)  The greatest decline of muscle mass in men occurs with inactivity, acute illness, and after age 70 years. 
C)  Males appear to be more vulnerable to loss of lean tissue than females. 
D)  Muscle mass is lost at a rate of 4 % to 6% per decade starting at age 40 years in women and age 60 years in men.

Question 6

A 45-year-old male informs the PTA that he is beginning an endurance training program.The patient reports he is performing his program 2 days per week,at less than 50% maximal uptake,and for approximately 5 minutes.What is the correct advice to give this individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is an adequate program to increase endurance. 
B)  The patient should maintain this current level for 2 weeks then increase his exercise intensity. 
C)  This exercise program is not adequate for increasing an individual's endurance. 
D)  The PTA is not qualified to comment on this individuals exercise program. 
A)  This is an adequate program to increase endurance. 
B)  The patient should maintain this current level for 2 weeks then increase his exercise intensity. 
C)  This exercise program is not adequate for increasing an individual's endurance. 
D)  The PTA is not qualified to comment on this individuals exercise program.

Question 7

Which of the following will have the most profound impact on physical work capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 week of bedrest 
B)  2 weeks of bedrest 
C)  3 weeks of bedrest 
D)  3 decades of aging 
A)  1 week of bedrest 
B)  2 weeks of bedrest 
C)  3 weeks of bedrest 
D)  3 decades of aging

Question 8

Women double their rate of musculoskeletal injury during what time?

Accepted Answer

A)  pregnancy 
B)  menopause 
C)  adolescence 
D)  ovulation 
A)  pregnancy 
B)  menopause 
C)  adolescence 
D)  ovulation

Question 9

Which of the following is the most common site of cancer metastasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  femur 
B)  tibia 
C)  humerus 
D)  pelvis 
A)  femur 
B)  tibia 
C)  humerus 
D)  pelvis

Question 10

What is the primary objective of the vascular response to injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  to bring white blood cells to the area 
B)  to bring red blood cells to the area 
C)  to bring platelets to the area 
D)  to promote bleeding 
A)  to bring white blood cells to the area 
B)  to bring red blood cells to the area 
C)  to bring platelets to the area 
D)  to promote bleeding

Question 11

What occurs first when white blood cells arrive at the area of tissue injury and defend the body against infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  pavementing 
B)  margination 
C)  chemotaxis 
D)  diapedesis 
A)  pavementing 
B)  margination 
C)  chemotaxis 
D)  diapedesis

Question 12

A 70-year-old patient asks the PTA about beginning an exercise program.The PTA explains some of the benefits of exercise for this individual.Which of the following is not a benefit of exercise for an individual in this age group?

Accepted Answer

A)  improved function 
B)  improved balance 
C)  improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake 
D)  improved nerve conduction velocity 
A)  improved function 
B)  improved balance 
C)  improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake 
D)  improved nerve conduction velocity

Question 13

Strength training benefits the geriatric patient population by

Accepted Answer

A)  producing substantial increases in strength and power 
B)  normalizing blood pressure in those with high normal values 
C)  reducing insulin resistance 
D)  increasing maximal oxygen uptake beyond normal 
A)  producing substantial increases in strength and power 
B)  normalizing blood pressure in those with high normal values 
C)  reducing insulin resistance 
D)  increasing maximal oxygen uptake beyond normal

Question 14

Which of the following types of bone fractures is unique to children?

Accepted Answer

A)  greenstick fracture 
B)  compression fracture 
C)  avulsion fracture 
D)  physeal plate fracture 
A)  greenstick fracture 
B)  compression fracture 
C)  avulsion fracture 
D)  physeal plate fracture

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct exercise prescription for a 90-year-old individual beginning an exercise program?

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency of 2 to 3 days per week, intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, duration of 20 minutes 
B)  frequency of 2 to 3 days per week, intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, duration of 45 minutes 
C)  frequency of 1 day per week, intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, duration of 20 minutes 
D)  frequency of 5 days per week, intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, duration of 30 minutes 
A)  frequency of 2 to 3 days per week, intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, duration of 20 minutes 
B)  frequency of 2 to 3 days per week, intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, duration of 45 minutes 
C)  frequency of 1 day per week, intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, duration of 20 minutes 
D)  frequency of 5 days per week, intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, duration of 30 minutes

Question 16

With aging,what two joints are the most susceptible to proprioception decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  shoulder and wrist 
B)  knee and shoulder 
C)  ankle and wrist 
D)  knee and ankle 
A)  shoulder and wrist 
B)  knee and shoulder 
C)  ankle and wrist 
D)  knee and ankle

Question 17

Articular cartilage can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  containing few cells 
B)  a large neural network 
C)  a large vascular network 
D)  a high friction surface 
A)  containing few cells 
B)  a large neural network 
C)  a large vascular network 
D)  a high friction surface

Question 18

Which of the following are primary influences for bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical stresses 
B)  neurologic stresses 
C)  calcium and phosphate levels 
D)  hormonal levels 
A)  mechanical stresses 
B)  neurologic stresses 
C)  calcium and phosphate levels 
D)  hormonal levels

Question 19

A 15-year-old male client has just initiated a strength training program in a local gym.The client tells the PTA that he feels his strength has increased markedly over the first 3 to 4 weeks of this program.This initial gain is due to what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase of type I fibers 
B)  improved neuromuscular recruitment 
C)  increase of type II fibers 
D)  increase in muscle mass 
A)  increase of type I fibers 
B)  improved neuromuscular recruitment 
C)  increase of type II fibers 
D)  increase in muscle mass

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding differences between adults and children during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child has a larger heart size than the adult. 
B)  The child has a larger stroke volume than the adult. 
C)  Children should be watched closely for poor form and posture during exercises. 
D)  A child's heart rate is lower during maximal exercise than the adult. 
A)  The child has a larger heart size than the adult. 
B)  The child has a larger stroke volume than the adult. 
C)  Children should be watched closely for poor form and posture during exercises. 
D)  A child's heart rate is lower during maximal exercise than the adult.

Exam 13: Introduction to Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System

Fatigue-resistant type I muscle fibers demonstrate which of the following attributes?

Which of the following is a normal response by articular cartilage to the aging process?

Loss of muscle function as we age can be attributable to all of the following except which one?

What is the youngest age that children can begin strength training safely?

Which of the following is false regarding loss of muscle mass?

A 45-year-old male informs the PTA that he is beginning an endurance training program.The patient reports he is performing his program 2 days per week,at less than 50% maximal uptake,and for approximately 5 minutes.What is the correct advice to give this individual?

Which of the following will have the most profound impact on physical work capacity?

Women double their rate of musculoskeletal injury during what time?

Which of the following is the most common site of cancer metastasis?

What is the primary objective of the vascular response to injury?

What occurs first when white blood cells arrive at the area of tissue injury and defend the body against infection?

A 70-year-old patient asks the PTA about beginning an exercise program.The PTA explains some of the benefits of exercise for this individual.Which of the following is not a benefit of exercise for an individual in this age group?

Strength training benefits the geriatric patient population by

Which of the following types of bone fractures is unique to children?

Which of the following is a correct exercise prescription for a 90-year-old individual beginning an exercise program?

With aging,what two joints are the most susceptible to proprioception decline?

Articular cartilage can be described as

Which of the following are primary influences for bone remodeling?

A 15-year-old male client has just initiated a strength training program in a local gym.The client tells the PTA that he feels his strength has increased markedly over the first 3 to 4 weeks of this program.This initial gain is due to what phenomenon?

Which of the following is true regarding differences between adults and children during exercise?

Introduction to Concepts of Pathology

Problems Affecting Multiple Systems

Injury, Inflammation, and Healing

The Immune System

Infectious Disease

Oncology

The Integumentary System

The Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

The Cardiovascular System

The Hematologic System

The Respiratory System

The Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Biliary Systems

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Infectious Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal Neoplasms

Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Diseases and Disorders

Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders

Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Stroke

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Cerebral Palsy

The Peripheral Nervous System

Behavioral, Social, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Disease and Dysfunction

The Psychosocial-Spiritual Impact on Health Care

Environmental and Occupational Medicine

The Gastrointestinal System

The Renal and Urologic Systems

Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Epilepsy

Headache

The Male Genital or Reproductive System

The Female Genital or Reproductive System

Vestibular Disorders

Laboratory Tests and Values

Filters