Deck 5: Identities: Who We Are and Why That Matters

Question 1

Which of the following is an assumption of Social Identity Theory?

A) Discrimination against outgroups is the most important way that ingroups maintain their positive identity.
B) Ingroup members evaluate their own groups through social comparison with relevant outgroups.
C) Individual self-esteem is unrelated to group self-esteem.
D) Ingroup members evaluate their own groups by carefully evaluating individual group members.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Alex's company has recently come under fire for their anti-environmental actions. Alex would rather work for a similar company that is more "green," so she leaves the company to look for a new position elsewhere. She has displayed what behavior to protect her group-based self-esteem?

A) social competition
B) social creativity
C) mobility
D) impermeability

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What are two methods that protect group-based self-esteem?

A) permeability and impermeability
B) personal and social
C) diversity and inclusion
D) social competition and mobility

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What important notion came out of the minimal groups studies by Tajfel and Turner in the 1970s?

A) Reward was necessary to create ingroup favoritism.
B) Competition was not necessary to create ingroup favoritism.
C) History of previous conflict was necessary to create ingroup favoritism.
D) When participants were asked to serve as resource allocators, this request erased any ingroup favoritism they may have shown to their own groups.

Question 5

What is the minimal threshold to trigger ingroup favoritism?

A) group assignment
B) competition
C) history of previous conflict
D) time spent together

Question 6

A Small College student believes all Great Big U students are huge football fans. However, he does not believe all Small College students like football. Some do, some don't. After all, the Small College team is only a couple of years old. What process of "us vs. them" is occurring?

A) an attribution error of outgroup perception
B) a sense of identity with one's own group
C) an outgroup homogeneity effect
D) ingroup favoritism

Question 7

Helms proposed four statuses or phases in racial identity development for Blacks and other People of Color. What are these statuses, in order?

A) Immediate, Original, Encounter, Long-Term
B) Pre-Encounter, Encounter, Immersion-Emersion, Internalization
C) Internalization, Pre-Encounter, Encounter, Immersion-Emersion
D) Original, Encounter, Immediate, Long-term

Question 8

Keisha has recently begun to idealize her Black heritage and attends rallies to promote the importance of issues related to Blacks. She also has begun to devaluate White culture, which she had previously simply accepted. What status of development of her racio-ethnic identity best applies?

A) immersion-emersion
B) internalization
C) pre-encounter
D) encounter

Question 9

A White person experiences the pseudo-independent status of White Racial Identity Development. What is happening?

A) beginning to recognize own Whiteness and racism
B) being naïve and unaware
C) beginning to recognize racism as unjustified and to question personal responsibility to address it
D) actively seeking out new information and experiences

Question 10

How many statuses are there in Helms' Theory of White Racial Identity Development?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

Question 11

What two constructs does the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure - Revised (MEIM-R) measure?

A) involvement in ethnic practices and exploration
B) exploration and commitment/attachment
C) involvement in ethnic practices and identity achievement
D) commitment and identity achievement

Question 12

Which form of ethnic identity (Phinney) is characterized by continued exploration of one's ethnicity?

A) commitment
B) foreclosure
C) achievement
D) moratorium

Question 13

The concept of ethnic identity as measured by scales such as the MEIM-R

A) is not relevant for diversity professionals.
B) suggests that ethnic identity is a central part of self-image for some, and irrelevant for others.
C) should be assessed as part of employee selection.
D) is less important than the concept of racial identity.

Question 14

Identities based on racio-ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or feminist views

A) may affect organizational inclusion.
B) cannot alone be the basis for federal lawsuits.
C) may be hidden at work by some employees.
D) all of these.

Question 15

The discussion of Irish and Japanese identities makes the point that

A) some identities are universally reviled.
B) immigrant status is usually a basis for derogation.
C) the significance of a particular identity varies widely over time and context.
D) all of these.

Question 16

Caleb is a biracial (Black and White) college student who often shifts how he behaves and how he identifies with either Black or White. These shifts seem to depend on the situation, e.g., "Black" at home and "White" at his part-time job as a bank teller. Caleb is experiencing what kind of identity according to Rockquemore and Brunsma (2002?)?

A) Protean
B) Singular
C) Border
D) Transcendent

Question 17

Rockquemore and Brunsma (2002?) identified four categories of understanding one's own biracial identity (specifically, Black-White biracial identity). Which was most frequent in their sample?

A) Protean
B) Singular
C) Border
D) Transcendent

Question 18

Factors in bicultural competency include

A) degree of cultural overlap between two cultures.
B) corrective feedback.
C) degree of dissimilarity in appearance.
D) all of these.

Question 19

Intersectionality refers to

A) complexity of identity, especially involving minority identities.
B) the experience of one who feels neither Black nor White, male nor female.
C) a specific legal basis for a finding of discrimination.
D) a particular type of gender identity confusion.

Question 20

Deion, a gay Black man, has recently learned that he is paid less than straight White men, straight Black men, and gay men regardless of race. He thinks this is an issue of double jeopardy in which both of his minority statuses are being discriminated against, combining into more discrimination than usual. What kind of reaction to multiple minority statuses is this?

A) multiplicative
B) different
C) additive
D) similar

Question 21

Which reaction to multiple minority statuses occurs when unfavorable treatment based on one status does not change based on adding a second minority status?

A) multiplicative
B) similar
C) additive
D) different

Question 22

According to the ASA model, what generally occurs?

A) Individuals are attracted to the organization, selected by the organization, and then become attached.
B) Individuals become attached to the organization as they are socialized and then later leave if they no longer fit.
C) Individuals are attracted to the organization, selected by the organization, and then leave if they do not fit.
D) Individuals become attached to a new organization after being socialized which increases their attachment.

Question 23

What is an implication of the ASA model?

A) Organizations become more heterogenous.
B) Organization members become less biased.
C) Organization members become more biased.
D) Organizations become more homogenous.

Question 24

Day Zett Company has a problem with newcomers who do not understand the company mission and vision very well and who do not take them to heart to improve their time at work. The company could benefit from implementing better

A) socialization processes.
B) recruitment methods.
C) selection processes.
D) all of the above.

Question 25

People who feel their contributions and wellbeing are valued by an organization will experience

A) embeddedness
B) positive organizational support
C) attachment
D) a Protean identity

Question 26

Which of the following is a type of capital gained through socialization

A) cultural
B) social
C) human
D) all of these

Question 27

Students in a group in their Workforce Diversity class made new connections with their peers in the class. What kinds of capital did these students gain?

A) individual
B) cultural
C) group
D) social

Question 28

List two ways in which theory and research on social identity can be helpful to diversity managers.

Question 29

What is social identity and why is it important, according to Social Identity Theory?

Question 30

According to Social Identity Theory, how do people react when their group-based identity feels threatened? List and give an example of three possible responses.

Question 31

What is the minimal groups effect? Give an example of its relevance for the diversity manager.

Question 32

What are in-group and out-group effects? How are they relevant for diversity professionals? For other employees?

Question 33

Explain the main ideas in Janet Helms's theory of either Black or White racial identity. Do you find it convincing? Why or why not?

Question 34

What is the difference between racial identity and ethnic identity? Which do you think is more relevant for diversity professionals, and why?

Question 35

How are the concepts of racial and ethnic identity relevant for diversity professionals?

Question 36

What is the MEIM-R? How might it be useful for a diversity manager?

Question 37

Several theories and scales have been developed in the study of group-based identity. What similarities exist among them, and what differences?

Question 38

Research has addressed identity based in a single dimension (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender) and also identity of those who feel connections with more than one group. Is it useful to consider social identity as based in one membership group? Why or why not?

Question 39

What four types of identities have been identified in research on bi- or multi-racioethnic individuals? How is this relevant for diversity professionals and for those working in a diverse organization?

Question 40

What does intersectionality mean, and why is it an important concept for those working or interested in the field of diversity and inclusion?

Question 41

How is employee diversity relevant to the process of joining a work organization?

Question 42

Explain the ASA Model developed by Benjamin Schneider. What are its implications for diversity managers and other employees?

Question 43

What is positive organizational support (POS) and how is it relevant to socialization of a diverse group of employees?