Deck 8: Contexts of Identity Formation in Late-Modern Societies

Question 1

The composite scale based on the sum of measures of self-esteem, purpose in life, internal locus of control, and ego strength is a measure of

A) identity-based agency
B) self-efficacy
C) default individualization
D) ethnic identity

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is the least beneficial motivation for attending university in terms of acquiring academic skills and attaining higher grades?

A) humanitarian
B) careerist
C) personal-intellectual development
D) default

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following identity-formation processes is associated with the indifferent parenting style?

A) independent problem-solving and critical thinking
B) an insecure base for identity explorations and experimentation
C) insufficient encouragement to self-regulate behavior
D) impulsive and delinquent behavior

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What does the research find regarding the sense of self-efficacy among those with learning disabilities?

A) they have realistic levels, but suffer from low self-esteem
B) they have extremely low levels
C) they often have an unrealistically high level
D) there is no difference compared to those without leaning disabilities

Question 5

Which of the following American ethnic group has the weakest sense of ethnic identity, according to the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM)?

A) Asian
B) European descent
C) African American
D) Latino

Question 6

Approximately what proportion of ethnic-minority adolescents reach the third stage on the MEIM by the end of high school?

A) one quarter
B) one half
C) three quarters
D) 100 percent

Question 7

What is the highest stage of ethnic identity formation identified by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM)?

A) the questioning of what it means to be have a particular ethnicity
B) committing to a particular way of being a member of an ethnic group
C) the unexamined ethnicity
D) rejecting one's ethnic upbringing

Question 8

Which of the following is (are) a problem that researchers have found in operationalizing ethnic identity in terms of respondents' self-perceived ethnicity?

A) many people are inconsistent in reporting their ethnic group from one survey to the next
B) American Hispanic adolescents are inconsistent in reporting their ethnic group from one survey to the next
C) Aboriginal youth in British Columbia are inconsistent in reporting their ethnic group from one survey to the next
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is (are) a problem with studying social identities?

A) social contexts are not easily separated from social identity formation
B) social contexts are often part of the developmental process
C) social identities can compound each other, producing complex interaction effects
D) all of the above

Question 10

How does the research suggest that high self-efficacy is a far more important attribute than high self-esteem in academic achievements?

A) self-esteem may be a mere epiphenomenon
B) self-esteem appears not to be a "vaccine" for positive development
C) high self-esteem is more likely a consequence of circumstances than a cause of behavior
D) all of the above