Deck 4: Behavioral Theories of Motor Control

Question 1

The degrees of freedom problem is based on which of the following?

A) A limb's range of motion
B) The number of elements or components of the system that have to be controlled
C) The lack of time available to receive feedback
D) The influence of the external environment on movement

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The wind is an example of what type of constraint?

A) Organismic constraint
B) Environmental constraint
C) Task constraint
D) Internal constraint

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the Dynamic System Theory, compressing available degrees of freedom into a single functional unit that is designed to carry out a specific task is called

A) An attractor
B) A phase shift
C) A rate limiter
D) Self-organization

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What are preferred states of stability known as?

A) Constraints
B) Phase shifts
C) Perceptual-motor workspace
D) Attractors

Question 5

According to the Dynamic System Theory, deep attractor basins are characteristic of what type of behavior?

A) Erratic behavior
B) Stable behavior
C) Instable behavior
D) All behavior

Question 6

_______________ attractor states are characteristic of instable systems.

A) Shallow
B) Deep
C) Superficial
D) Consistent

Question 7

A functional movement pattern is one that is __________.

A) A movement pattern that is unstable
B) A movement pattern that will accomplish a specific task goal
C) A movement pattern that must be corrected
D) A movement pattern that all learners should be able to perform in the exact same manner

Question 8

Since being bedridden from pneumonia, Martha has lost some of her flexibility. As a result, she is no longer able to achieve certain yoga poses. The loss of flexibility in this situation is an example of which of the following?

A) A constraint
B) A control parameter
C) A rate limiter
D) a and c

Question 9

Practitioners can create action possibilities that allow for the emergence of desired behaviors by doing which of the following?

A) Altering playing area dimensions
B) Moving a learner's limb into the desired position
C) Having a patient imitate the practitioner's actions
D) All of the above

Question 10

If a pitcher throws a change up and the hitter swings in anticipation of a fastball, the hitter has made an error in which of the following?

A) Generalized motor program selection
B) Parameter selection
C) Invariant feature selection
D) Schema selection

Question 11

What is the difference between open and closed loop systems?

A) Open loop has an executive level and closed loop does not
B) Closed loop has an executive level and open loop does not
C) Open loop runs as planned while closed loop can be modified
D) Closed loop runs as planned while open loop can be modified

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a source of information used to develop one's schema?

A) Response outcome
B) Individual differences
C) Response specifications
D) Sensory consequences

Question 13

The manipulation of variables within a movement pattern to meet the demands of a given situation is known as

A) Coordination
B) Control
C) Dynamic interaction
D) Specificity

Question 14

The process of constraining available degrees of freedom to organize a movement pattern that will effectively achieve the goal of the task is called

A) Coordination
B) Control
C) Dynamic interaction
D) Specificity

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered an invariant feature?

A) Sequence of actions or components
B) Specification of muscles and or limbs
C) Relative timing
D) Relative force

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered a parameter?

A) Muscle selection
B) Overall duration
C) Overall force
D) Relative timing

Question 17

What is the name of the features of the generalized motor program that are flexible and define how to execute the program?

A) Rate limiters
B) Constraints
C) Invariant features
D) Parameters

Question 18

The relatively fixed underlying characteristics that define a generalized motor program are called

A) Invariant features
B) Parameters
C) Schema
D) Sensory consequences

Question 19

Which of the following specifies the parameter values assigned to the generalized motor program?

A) Invariant features
B) Schema
C) Control parameters
D) Stable attractors

Question 20

A change in relative timing indicates a change in which of the following?

A) Schema
B) Parameters
C) Generalized motor program
D) Learner's ability

Question 21

Constraints can be both limiting and enabling.