Deck 4: Fundamentals of Composition

Question 1

Cinemascope's 2.5:1 aspect ratio is wider than Panavision's.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When films shot in Cinemascope or Panavision are shown on NTSC's 4:3 aspect ratio screens without
Cutting off the left and right sides of the picture, they are usually reduced to format.

A) four-sided
B) letterbox
C) HDTV
D) Todd A-O
E) SDTV

Answer 2

B

Question 3

This is a/an:

A) CU
B) MCU
C) MS
D) MLS
E) LS

Answer 3

B

Question 4

This is a/an:

A) CU
B) MCU
C) MS
D) MLS
E) LS

Question 5

Directors frequently use OTS shots to emphasize the physical and emotional relationship between two persons conversing in a "shared scene."

Question 6

The only way to highlight the central point of interest in a shot is through composition.

Question 7

The Rule of Thirds could not be violated by putting too much headroom in your shot.

Question 8

Lowering the camera below eye height of a subject makes him/her look:

A) more dominant
B) more submissive
C) neither: it's a neutral position
D) heavier
E) more glamorous

Question 9

Which production element below creates strong compositional emphasis?

A) unfamiliar-shaped objects
B) object in exact middle of the frame
C) dark-colored objects
D) non-reflective objects
E) none of the above

Question 10

During the last two decades, most TV producers who shoot their series on film have been doing so in
The format, in anticipation of HDTV.

A) standard definition
B) Cinemascope
C) Panavision
D) Vistavision
E) Todd A-O

Question 11

What is the standard aspect ratio of most home televisions?

A) 2:1
B) 8:4
C) 16:9
D) 4:3
E) none of the above

Question 12

To produce a canted angle shot the camera must be placed slightly off level to convey extremes of motion or mood.

Question 13

It's standard practice to place the camera lens at or slightly below the talent's eye level whether the talent is standing or seated to make the talent look submissive.

Question 14

The shot is purposely composed out of balance: there's an "empty" space left in the shot, often behind the talent's back.

A) leadroom
B) reverse leadroom
C) headroom
D) head and shoulder shot
E) none of the above

Question 15

This ancient Greek mathematical principle suggests that the rule of thirds divides a 4:3 aspect ratio picture into three horizontal and three vertical sections.

A) three shot
B) golden mean
C) rule of thirds
D) central point of interest
E) all of the above

Question 16

What do the numbers in a 4:3 aspect ratio refer to?

A) the image must be three units high for every four units wide
B) the image must be eight units high for every six units wide
C) the image must be six units high for every eight units wide
D) the image must be four units high for every three units wide
E) none of the above

Question 17

Matching:
-The concept on which the rule of thirds is based.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 18

Matching:
-Longer than an LS; a panoramic shot establishing a large interior area or exterior vista.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 19

Matching:
-A shot in which an area, often behind the talent's back, is intentionally left empty to unbalance the composition and create viewer anxiety.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 20

Matching:
-When using a human subject, a shot from the feet up. When there is more than one subject in the scene, a shot showing all subjects roughly from the feet up. Also called an "establishing" shot.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 21

Matching:
-The approximately 10 percent image loss around the edges of any shot during transmission.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 22

Matching:
-Names describing standard shot sizes; the shorthand commands directors use when requesting that camera operators compose shots thus described.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 23

Matching:
-The tendency of the mind to achieve a sense of completion by adding information not actually in a shot.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 24

Matching:
-Also called a bust shot.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 25

Matching:
-Also called a Leadroom Principle.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 26

Matching:
-Director's shorthand for a shot in which talent is framed from just above or below the knee to slightly above the top of the head.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 27

Matching:
-Shots in which camera tilt creates a slanted horizon.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 28

Matching:
-A shot taken from behind the shoulder of talent providing a view of what the talent sees.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 29

Matching:
-To compose shots in which the central point of interest is seen through visual elements on the left and right that create an aesthetic border, guiding the audience's eyes to the center like blinders on a horse.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 30

Matching:
-Camera operators can reduce viewer anxiety by providing space ahead of the subject.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 31

Matching:
-When using a human subject, this shot is a very tight shot of the face, typically from the hairline to the chin.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 32

Matching:
-When using a human subject, a shot from below the knee up.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 33

Matching:
-The part of any shot one wishes to emphasize more than all others.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 34

Matching:
-A motion picture format with an aspect ratio of 2.5:1.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 35

Matching:
-Director's shorthand for a shot of two people (three people).

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 36

Matching:
-A theory suggesting composition is strengthened by placing the central point of interest at points other than the absolute center of the frame.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 37

Matching:
-The art of creatively framing elements in a shot to best convey the communicator's meaning to the audience.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 38

Matching:
-A way to present a wide-screen format film on television without chopping off the left and right sides of the picture.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 39

Matching:
-When using a human subject, a shot from just below the waistline up.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 40

Matching:
-The relationship between the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the television screen.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 41

Matching:
-In the U.S., a digital TV format using a 16:9 aspect ratio and 1125 scan lines, rather than the 4:3 aspect ratio and 525 lines of analog NTSC video.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 42

Matching:
-When using a human subject, a shot from approximately six inches above the waist up to slightly above the head.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 43

Matching:
-A shot framed from approximately six inches below the shoulder line to slightly above the head.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)

Question 44

Matching:
-The National Television System Committee, the organization that recommended analog standards for American television to the FCC.

A)Aspect ratio
B)Bust shot
C)Canted angles
D)Central point of interest
E)Cinemascope format
F)Closure
G)Composition
H)Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
I)Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
J)Framing
K)Golden mean
L)H&S shot
M)HDTV
N)Knee Shot
O)Leadroom principle
P)Letterbox format
Q)Long Shot (LS)
R)Medium Close-Up (MCU)
S)Medium Long Shot (MLS)
T)Medium Shot (MS)
U)Noseroom
V)NTSC
W)OTS
X)Picture cutoff
Y)Reverse leadroom
Z)Rule of thirds
Aa) Shot Nomenclature
Bb)Two Shot (or three shot)