Deck 29: Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East

Question 1

Identify the following terms.
African National Congress (ANC)

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Is the Republic of South Africa,Egypt,or Nigeria likely to be the most important state in Africa in thirty years? What evidence causes you to think as you do?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Identify the following terms.
Jomo Kenyatta and KANU

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

What problems have the nations of the Middle East faced since the end of World War II,and to what degree have they managed to resolve them? How have religious issues affected economic,social,and cultural conditions in the Middle East in recent decades? What are some of the key reasons advanced to explain why democratic institutions have been slow to take root in the Middle East?

Question 5

Identify the following terms.
Mau Mau

Question 6

Identify the following terms.
apartheid

Question 7

What has been the significance of the concepts of Pan-Africanism and nationalism in the development of the independent nations of Africa? How have dreams clashed with realities in the independent nations of Africa,and how have African governments sought to meet these challenges? Why do tensions between farmers and pastoral peoples appear to be on the rise in Africa today? In what parts of the continent is the problem most serious?

Question 8

Why has the Arab-Israeli dispute proven so difficult to resolve? Does a solution seem any more likely now than during the 1970s or 1980s? Why or why not?

Question 9

Identify the following terms.
Kwame Nkrumah and the Convention People's Party

Question 10

Compare and contrast developments in the Middle East during the era preceding World War II with those of the war years and after.Are the changes due primarily to the war's impact on the peoples of the Middle East or on other factors? Why? What are the main sources of discord in the Middle East today? How do they contribute to the popularity of radical terrorist organizations in the region?

Question 11

Would conditions in the Middle East be fundamentally different if all women there were literate and educated? Why and how,or,why not and how not? What countries would change the most if such changes came about? Why?

Question 12

Do the factors underlying fundamentalism in Islam,Judaism,and Christianity have any common causes or consequences? Why or why not?

Question 13

Describe the economic role of the oil industry and its relationship to political stability or instability in the nations of the Middle East.Are there policies by which outside powers can aid in creating stability there,or have they already "done too much"?

Question 14

Is it accurate to claim that Turkey and Iran,both non-Arabic societies,may be the two most influential countries in the Middle East? Why or why not?

Question 15

How did the rise of independent states affect the lives and the role of women in African societies? How does that role compare with the role played by women in other parts of the contemporary world?

Question 16

Is it realistic to argue that the Muslim societies of North Africa are so different from those of sub- Saharan Africa that they actually have nothing in common except geographic proximity and the fact that both are ex-colonial areas? Why or why not?

Question 17

What role did nationalist movements play in the transition to independence in Africa,and how did such movements differ from their counterparts elsewhere? Would Africans have been better off if they had changed the existing colonial boundaries at the time they attained independence rather than keeping them? What advantages,and disadvantages,could different boundaries have brought to Africans in the 1950s and 1960s,and since?

Question 18

"Islamic fundamentalism is the defining movement in the present Middle East and will remain so into the foreseeable future." Discuss,pro and con.

Question 19

Fifty years after independence,what are the present responsibilities,if any,that the former imperialist European nations owe to Africa?

Question 20

Identify the following terms.
uhuru

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
Kenya and capitalism

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
"neocolonialism"

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
Palestinian refugees

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
Wole Soyinka's The Interpreters

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
African Economic Community (AEC),1991

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
F.W.de Klerk and Nelson Mandela

Question 28

Identify the following terms.
Rwanda and Burundi and Hutus and Tutsis

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
Abioseh Nicol's "A Truly Married Woman"

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
"African form of socialism"

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
"Bantustans"

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
AIDS

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
Mobutu Sese Seko and Laurent-Désiré Kabila

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Sudan's Muslim pastoralists and Christian farmers

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
Nigeria's Christians and Muslims

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
genital mutilation and polygamy

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
Olusegun Obasanjo

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
Pan-Africanism

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
Israel and Palestine

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
Tanzania's Julius Nyerere's Arusha Declaration

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
Syria's Ba'ath Party

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
Sadeq Hedayat

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
intifada

Question 45

Identify the following terms.

-Iraq's Sunnis,Shi'ites,and Kurds

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
Muslim Brotherhood

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
Yasir Arafat,the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),and al-Fatah

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
Persian Gulf and oil

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
pan-Arabism and the United Arab Republic

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
Saddam Hussein and Kuwait

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin,and the Camp David Accords

Question 52

Identify the following terms.
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
Iran-Iraq War

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
Iran's Mohammad Khatami and Muhmmad Ahmadinejad

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
the Taliban and Osama bin Laden

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Egypt's Gamal Abdul Nasser and the Suez Canal

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
David Ben-Gurion

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
Operation Desert Storm

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
"the great Satan"

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
Islamic women and the veil and chador

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy

Question 62

In his Arusha Declaration of 1967,Julius Nyerere attempted to

A) establish a system of socialism and self-reliance.
B) take advantage of the multi-party system in Tanzania.
C) permit personal incomes to grow as much as they could.
D) initiate economic programs in the villages that would become totally entrepreneurial.
E) "jump-start" his nation's economy with a system of free-market capitalism.

Question 63

In the mid-1970s,these two African nations adopted a Soviet-style Marxist government:

A) Nigeria and Chad.
B) Gabon and Cameroon.
C) Angola and Ethiopia.
D) Mali and Eritrea.
E) Somalia and Tanzania.

Question 64

All of the following are problems faced by the capitalist government of Kenya except

A) landlessness is high, and twenty percent of the people are squatters.
B) unemployment is stagnant at around forty percent..
C) the rate of population growth is among the highest in the world.
D) constant tensions exist between farmers and pastoralists.
E) chronically poor soil.

Question 65

The two leaders who ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in South Africa were

A) Francis Malan and Jomo Kenyatta.
B) F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
C) P.J. Surhoff and Thabo Mbeki.
D) Sékou Touré and Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
E) Milton Obote and Menachim Begin.

Question 66

During the colonial period,the primary export crop of Egypt and Uganda was

A) peanuts.
B) coffee.
C) cotton.
D) palm oil.
E) cocoa.

Question 67

Among the selectively distributed benefits of Western civilization in Africa in the 1940s was/were

A) universal public schooling in all British and Portuguese colonies.
B) railway networks and other industrial sectors in Algeria and South Africa.
C) a well-developed industrial nucleus in the Gold Coast.
D) nuclear power plants in Zimbabwe.
E) pearl fisheries in Libya.

Question 68

All of the following were results of European colonialism in Africa except

A) the spread of Islam.
B) a native wage scale that was inferior to that of the Europeans.
C) the restriction of Africans to unskilled or semi-skilled jobs.
D) little opportunity for the native population to obtain professional or managerial positions.
E) a mixed heritage of imperialism.

Question 69

The Pan-African belief in a distinctive "African personality" included all of the following except it

A) was a defensive response rejecting views of Western racial superiority.
B) assumes that there is a distinctive African personality.
C) says that African blackness has a humanistic, emotional nature that is different from that of Western materialism.
D) is believed to provide a common sense of destiny for all black Africans.
E) believes that all persons of African heritage should return to their motherland.

Question 70

Of the AIDS cases reported around the world,____ percent are found on the continent of Africa.

A) 30
B) 45
C) 55
D) 65
E) 70

Question 71

Which individual led the Convention People's Party,the first formal political party in black Africa?

A) Jomo Kenyatta.
B) Mobutu Sese Seko.
C) Julius Nyerere.
D) Kwame Nkrumah.
E) Sékou Touré.

Question 72

All of the following are correct about early African nationalist activities except

A) most of the anti-colonial nationalists were committed to violence.
B) they were led by Western-educated African intellectuals.
C) political organizations for African rights did not arise until after World War I.
D) the ANC was formed by local Africans in South Africa.
E) at first many advocates of African rights focused on improving living conditions rather than independence.

Question 73

In the years since the nations of Africa attained independence,

A) economic wealth, but not social equality, has been achieved in all of Africa except the Republic of South Africa.
B) most of the governments have not been pluralistic democracies.
C) the goal of economic prosperity has been broadly achieved.
D) social equality has become the norm.
E) communism has taken permanent root in a majority of the nations south of the Sahara.

Question 74

It can be said that,by the late 1960s,

A) Mozambique and Angola were still controlled by Portugal.
B) all of Africa had achieved independence.
C) the French colonies in Africa had still not achieved independence.
D) even Canada had at last agreed to free Gambia.
E) de Gaulle's French Community had produced increased colonial structures in Nigeria.

Question 75

Economic development in Africa has been difficult for all of the following reasons except

A) AIDS.
B) a declining population.
C) a too-rapid population growth.
D) the vast differences between rural and urban Africans.
E) ethnic rivalries.

Question 76

In terms of the chronology of decolonization,it is accurate to say that

A) the first black African nation to become independent was the Congo, called the Banana Coast.
B) the African National Congress became increasingly radical as its modest initial goals were rejected by white South African governments.
C) Ahmad Ben Bella convinced Britain to proclaim Sudanese independence in 1988.
D) Portugal left Angola in 1949.
E) France willingly granted Algeria its independence in 1948.

Question 77

The reasons for the relatively late development of African nationalism included

A) the rural population were little affected by colonialism and refused to change traditional ways.
B) Africa's late colonization meant that it would take longer for dissatisfaction to develop and become institutionalized.
C) most Africans approved of European imperialism.
D) the British encouraged political centralization.
E) the African climate discouraged any efforts at nation building.

Question 78

In Kenya,

A) the population has been reduced, which has slowed economic growth.
B) the shortage of agricultural land forced Kenyans to migrate to Saudi Arabia to find better farmland.
C) the government of President Moi publicly praised the novelist Ngugi Wo Thiong'o and published his work in the Kikuyu language.
D) capitalism is the dominant economic system.
E) the ANC called for the ouster of President Moi.

Question 79

The East African term for the people who have achieved a high level of financial success is

A) hokees.
B) dash.
C) wabenzi.
D) chai.
E) bonsella.

Question 80

The following are true of the African National Congress except

A) it was originally led by Western-inclined intellectuals who had little popular support.
B) it was initially aimed at achieving full equality for the educated native population through peaceful means.
C) its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.
D) in time, its policies became more prone to the use of violence to achieve its goals.
E) its original goal was to achieve economic and political reforms "within the system."