Exam 29: Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East
Why has the Arab-Israeli dispute proven so difficult to resolve? Does a solution seem any more likely now than during the 1970s or 1980s? Why or why not?
The Arab-Israeli dispute has proven difficult to resolve for a variety of reasons. Firstly, the conflict is deeply rooted in historical, religious, and territorial issues, making it highly complex and emotional for both sides. The establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 and the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians created a deep sense of injustice and resentment among the Arab population. Additionally, the ongoing occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel, the construction of Israeli settlements in these areas, and the lack of a clear resolution on the status of Jerusalem have all contributed to the ongoing tensions.
Furthermore, both sides have deep-seated mistrust and fear of each other, making it challenging to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. The involvement of external actors, such as the United States, Russia, and various Arab states, has also complicated the peace process, with each party having its own interests and agendas.
In terms of the likelihood of a solution, it is difficult to say whether it is any more likely now than during the 1970s or 1980s. On one hand, there have been some positive developments, such as the signing of peace treaties between Israel and some Arab states, such as the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. These agreements have the potential to shift the dynamics of the conflict and create new opportunities for peace.
However, there are also significant challenges that continue to hinder the peace process. The ongoing expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, the lack of progress in addressing the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, and the absence of meaningful negotiations between the two parties all point to the continued difficulty in reaching a resolution.
Ultimately, while there may be some glimmers of hope for a potential solution, the Arab-Israeli dispute remains highly complex and deeply entrenched. It will require sustained efforts from all parties involved, as well as a genuine commitment to addressing the core issues at the heart of the conflict, in order to make any real progress towards peace.
The United Arab Republic was the result of the unification of Iraq and Iran.
False
Identify the following terms.
-Egypt's Gamal Abdul Nasser and the Suez Canal
Gamal Abdel Nasser was an Egyptian political leader who served as the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. He is known for his policies of Arab nationalism, anti-imperialism, and socialism, which were key components of what came to be known as Nasserism. Nasser played a pivotal role in the mid-20th century Arab world, leading the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy in Egypt and the establishment of a republic.
One of Nasser's most significant actions as president was the nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956. The Suez Canal is a vital waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, allowing for more direct shipping routes between Europe and Asia. It was originally constructed by the French and British in the 19th century and was controlled by the Suez Canal Company, which was largely owned by British and French shareholders.
The nationalization of the canal by Nasser's government was a response to the withdrawal of an offer by the United States and the United Kingdom to fund the construction of the Aswan High Dam, which was part of Nasser's plan to modernize Egypt's economy. The nationalization move was met with outrage by the United Kingdom, France, and Israel, leading to the Suez Crisis, also known as the Tripartite Aggression, in which these countries launched a military attack against Egypt.
The crisis was eventually resolved through the intervention of the United Nations and with pressure from the United States and the Soviet Union, which both opposed the invasion. The Suez Crisis significantly elevated Nasser's status as a leader of Arab nationalism and as a figure of resistance against colonial influence in the region. It also marked the decline of British and French influence in the Middle East and the rise of superpower involvement in the region's affairs.
In summary, Gamal Abdel Nasser was a prominent Egyptian leader known for his nationalist policies and the nationalization of the Suez Canal, which led to the international Suez Crisis and had lasting implications for the geopolitics of the Middle East.
Would conditions in the Middle East be fundamentally different if all women there were literate and educated? Why and how,or,why not and how not? What countries would change the most if such changes came about? Why?
The formal establishment of the new state of Israel in May 1948
Do the factors underlying fundamentalism in Islam,Judaism,and Christianity have any common causes or consequences? Why or why not?
For a brief period between 1958 and 1961,Egypt merged with what nation to form the United Arab Republic?
One dramatic example of pan-Islamic sentiment occurred on September 11,2001.
Which of the following is not correct about the events of the Arab-Israeli dispute in recent years?
In terms of the chronology of decolonization,it is accurate to say that
The East African term for the people who have achieved a high level of financial success is
Which of the following is not true about the role of women in post-colonial Africa ?
What problems have the nations of the Middle East faced since the end of World War II,and to what degree have they managed to resolve them? How have religious issues affected economic,social,and cultural conditions in the Middle East in recent decades? What are some of the key reasons advanced to explain why democratic institutions have been slow to take root in the Middle East?
Is the Republic of South Africa,Egypt,or Nigeria likely to be the most important state in Africa in thirty years? What evidence causes you to think as you do?
In 1993,President de Klerk agreed with Nelson Mandela to implement
Identify the following terms.
-pan-Arabism and the United Arab Republic
All of the following about the rule of the Shah of Iran before 1979 are correct except it
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