Deck 11: Developments After the Founding

Question 1

According to the text, a system can be defined as

A)an organized way of envisioning the world
B)a common method employed across a discipline
C)an overarching theoretical construct to be studied
D)a blueprint for a research program

Answer 1

an organized way of envisioning the world

Question 2

The system of psychology associated with the work of Franz Brentano is known as

A)existentialism
B)structuralism
C)act psychology
D)holistic psychology

Answer 2

act psychology

Question 3

_____ insisted on a psychology that accepts experience as forward-looking, active, manipulative, and intentional.

A)Franz Brentano
B)Edward Bradford Titchener
C)Hermann Ebbinghaus
D)Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 3

Franz Brentano

Question 4

_____ had a strong emphasis on the active, participatory, creative, and constructive aspects of experience and would prefer active approaches to psychology. He would prefer a course on "Sensing and Perceiving"
over a course on "Sensation and Perception."

A)Franz Brentano
B)Edward Bradford Titchener
C)Georg Elias Müller
D)Wilhelm Wundt

Question 5

On the question of methodology, Franz Brentano favored

A)naturalistic observation
B)introspection
C)controlled studies of behavior
D)a developmental and pluralistic epistemology

Question 6

According to Brentano, the unique feature of the mental act is its

A)passivity
B)intentionality
C)judgmental quality
D)divisibility

Question 7

_____ had a driving interest in the psychology of music, emphasizing this topic as a tool in the holistic study of mental phenomena.

A)Edward Bradford Titchener
B)Carl Stumpf
C)Oswald Külpe
D)Georg Elias Müller

Question 8

Consistent with his dominant interests, _____ studied the development of several musical child prodigies.

A)Edward Bradford Titchener
B)Carl Stumpf
C)Oswald Külpe
D)Georg Elias Müller

Question 9

_____ was one of the first to conduct experiments on the issues of task perseveration.

A)Franz Brentano
B)Edward Bradford Titchener
C)Georg Elias Müller
D)Wilhelm Wundt

Question 10

_____ was one of the first to place emphasis on psychological variables in memorial and association processes.

A)Franz Brentano
B)Edward Bradford Titchener
C)Georg Elias Müller
D)Wilhelm Wundt

Question 11

Külpe and his co-workers at the Würzburg school were most likely to have studied

A)conditioned responses
B)extinction of responses
C)imageless thought
D)elements of consciousness

Question 12

Research on imageless thought was controversial because it challenged

A)the theory of the unconscious
B)the elementary building block approach to psychology
C)the possibility of retroactive inhibition
D)all forms of holistic thinking

Question 13

Which of the following would be most likely to conduct experiments on the effects of mental set?

A)Oswald Külpe
B)Georg Elias Müller
C)Hermann Ebbinghaus
D)Ernst Weber

Question 14

After the work of _____, the study of psychology was expanded to higher cognitive functions and was no longer limited to the study of simple sensations and physiological structures.

A)Hermann Ebbinghaus
B)Franz Brentano
C)Ernst Weber
D)Gustav Theodor Fechner

Question 15

Ebbinghaus was a pioneer in applied psychology, developing the _____ as a way to assess the cognitive capacities of school children.

A)IQ test
B)completion test
C)paired-associate technique
D)mental set

Question 16

_____ believed that animals possess consciousness, and that such consciousness is an appropriate topic of investigation for psychology.

A)Margaret Floy Washburn
B)Edward Bradford Titchener
C)Franz Brentano
D)Carl Stumpf

Question 17

________ was Titchener's first graduate student and a pioneer in comparative psychology.

A)Mary Whiton Calkins
B)Margaret Floy Washburn
C)Margaret Sanger
D)Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Question 18

Which of the following transported the scientific dimensions of Wundt's psychology to the United States?

A)Franz Brentano
B)Oswald Külpe
C)Edward Bradford Titchener
D)Georg Elias Müller

Question 19

Frustrated with the American Psychological Association, Titchener established ______, a group of psychologists emphasizing laboratory psychology.

A)the Phenomenalists
B)the Experimentalists
C)the Voluntarists
D)the Cognitivists

Question 20

The technical term employed by Titchener for his system of psychology was

A)voluntarism
B)functionalism
C)radical empiricism
D)structuralism

Question 21

_________ continually drew parallels between the physical sciences (physics and chemistry) and psychology.

A)Edward Bradford Titchener
B)Franz Brentano
C)Oswald Külpe
D)Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 22

The founder of American structuralism agreed with Wundt that psychology should study immediate experience. He was

A)William James
B)Edward Bradford Titchener
C)Franz Brentano
D)Oswald Külpe

Question 23

The method Titchener used in most of his studies was called

A)introspection
B)objective observation
C)naturalistic observation
D)phenomenology

Question 24

Which of the following would be more likely to be investigated in Titchener's laboratory?

A)a mapping of taste sensations on the surface of the tongue
B)an extinction curve in a white rat
C)memory of 3 year olds versus memory of five year olds
D)activity level as a function of hours of deprivation

Question 25

When discussing comparative psychology, Titchener believed

A)only humans have minds
B)the range of mind appears to be as broad as the range of animal life
C)only humans and higher primates have minds
D)mind is only apparent in organisms with volitional movement

Question 26

Titchener believed that the first task of any science was to

A)study only observable behavior
B)investigate the basic elements of the subject matter
C)consider the phenomenon of interest from an adaptive standpoint
D)all of the above

Question 27

According to Titchener, a true element

A)is only a convenient definition of our level of analysis
B)must remain unchanged, however persistent our analysis or refined our method of study
C)is anything that is our topic of study
D)is a flexible unit of analysis

Question 28

Titchener identified three different elementary processes. They were

A)sensations, affections, and images
B)sensations, affections, and behaviors
C)behaviors, reflexes, and sensations
D)behaviors, reflexes, and mental operations

Question 29

Titchener found that all sensations have a minimum of four attributes. The attributes were

A)quality, intensity, clearness, and duration
B)source, impetus, aim, and object
C)steady state, arousal, working stage, recovery
D)force, duration, dimension, and origin

Question 30

The capacity to continue to study even when we are tired, or even in the face of distractions, is an example of Titchener's notion of

A)primary attention
B)perseverance
C)secondary attention
D)willpower

Question 31

Titchener believed that all associations can be reduced to the single law of

A)similarity
B)contrast
C)intensity
D)contiguity

Question 32

The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve reveals that, following initial learning, memory

A)declines rapidly then levels off
B)declines slowly at first but at a quickening pace over time
C)declines at a constant rate
D)improves at first, then declines at a constant rate