Deck 7: Personality and Exercise

Question 1

A good deal of research examining personality and physical activity fits within the three-dimensional personality framework of Eysenck. Describe the model, making sure to address such issues as: (a) labels/names given to each of the dimensions, and (b) physiological/biological bases for two of the dimensions. Finally, state general predictions regarding sport and/or physical activity with respect to one of the dimensions and the general nature of any support for these predictions.

Answer 1

No Answer.

Question 2

Describe the relationship between fitness and emotionality.

Answer 2

No Answer.

Question 3

You are a personal trainer. You have just obtained a client who is overweight and, after assessing his personality, you discover that he has a tolerance for lower intensity activity. Describe the kind of exercise program that you would develop for this person so that they not only start but are more likely to adhere to the program you devise

Answer 3

No Answer.

Question 4

One's self-concept is thought to reside in which of the following?

A) the social environment
B) typical responses
C) role-related behaviors
D) the psychological core

Question 5

Based on the material presented in the chapter, there is evidence that:

A) Personality factors serve as an antecedent to physical activity participation
B) Personality factors are modified to some degree as an outcome of physical activity participation
C) Personality factors have no influence on physical activity participation
D) Both a & b are true
E) None of the above are true

Question 6

Of the three components of personality (as defined by Hollander), which is most influenced by the environment/situation in which the individual finds him or herself at any given time?

A) The social environment
B) Typical responses
C) Role-related behaviors
D) Psychological core

Question 7

Trait theories emphasize consistency in behavior __________.

A) over time but not across situations
B) across situations but not over time
C) over time and across situations
D) None of the above

Question 8

According to the ancient Greeks, a preponderance of black bile relative to the other bodily humors would likely result in an individual having a personality that was characterized by which of the following?

A) Cheerfulness
B) Irritability
C) Sadness
D) Indifference

Question 9

In Sheldon's constitutional theory, an individual with a mesomorphic body type is theorized to have which personality type?

A) Somatotonia
B) Cerebrotonia
C) Catatonia
D) Viscerotonia

Question 10

In Sheldon's Constitutional Theory, an individual who has a need for people when under stress is theorized to have which personality type?

A) Somatotonia
B) Cerebrotonia
C) Catatonia
D) Viscerotonia

Question 11

Individuals prone to labile autonomic nervous system responses are classified as which of the following?

A) Depressed
B) Neurotic and stable
C) Neurotic and unstable
D) Neurotic and extraverted

Question 12

Eysenck and Cattell have both proposed personality theories based on superordinate dimensions or primary-secondary factors. These theories use which approach to studying personality?

A) Psychodynamic
B) Phenomenological
C) Dispositional
D) Learning

Question 13

Males and females who exercise have lower levels of Neuroticism than those who don't exercise.

Question 14

Which of the following has been associated with level of activity in the reticular formation?

A) Dimension E of Eysenck's model
B) Dimension N of Eysenck's model
C) The 16PF of Cattell's model
D) Neuroticism-stability in Eysenck's model

Question 15

Which of the following has been associated, at least in part, with activity in the "emotional brain"?

A) Dimension E of Eysenck's model
B) Dimension N of Eysenck's model
C) Neuroticism-stability in Eysenck's model
D) Both B and C

Question 16

Research of Eysenckian/Cattellian personality theory in the physical activity domain has shown which of the following?

A) The theory has no relevance in the physical activity domain.
B) Individuals participating in recreational physical activity have similar levels of extraversion as sedentary people.
C) Olympic athletes have higher levels of extraversion than non-Olympic athletes, but non-Olympic athletes have greater levels of extraversion than non-athletes
D) Introverts tend to seek out physical activity situations.
E) Both C and D

Question 17

Cattell's Personality Factor theory predicts which of the following relationships between fitness and personality?

A) Higher fitness would be associated with lower anxiety/neuroticism
B) Greater fitness would be associated with greater anxiety/neuroticism
C) Greater fitness would be associated with greater primary personality factors
D) There is no relationship between fitness and personality

Question 18

Research examining the 5 primary personality factors has shown the most consistent associations between exercise behavior and:

A) Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism
B) Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness
C) Emotionality, Introversion, Agreeableness
D) Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Extraversion
E) Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Introversion

Question 19

Which of the following patterns of personality factors is referred to as the Maladaptive Personality Trajectory?

A) Low N; high E, C, A, O
B) High N; low E, C, A, O
C) High N; low E only
D) High N, low E; moderate C, A, O
E) None of the above

Question 20

Of the following factors from the five factor model, which has not shown any consistent relationships with exercise and/or physical activity?

A) Neuroticism
B) Extraversion-Introversion
C) Openness to Expressiveness
D) Conscientiousness

Question 21

One of the factors of the five factor model is Conscientiousness, which refers to a tendency to be achievement-oriented, goal-oriented and:

A) Asystematic
B) Self-disciplined
C) Unorganized
D) Lacking personal control
E) Both A and C

Question 22

Recall the discussion of a variant of Extraversion conceptualized as manifestations of individual differences in somatosensory modulation and having a genetic basis. This was referred to as which of the following?

A) Preference for exercise intensity
B) Tolerance of exercise intensity
C) Tolerance of exercise duration
D) Both A and B

Question 23

Hardiness/Resilience is thought to be a stress-buffering personality construct. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Hardiness/Resilience construct?

A) Sense of commitment
B) See events as threats
C) Sense of perceived control over events
D) All of the above
E) Only A & C above

Question 24

Individuals who score high on measures of Hardiness/Resilience also tend to be physically inactive.

Question 25

In the Focus box for the chapter, a special population having "addictive" and "obsessive-compulsive" personality characteristics is discussed. This is which of the following special populations?

A) Cardiac rehabilitation patients
B) Aging adults
C) Individuals with a spinal cord injury
D) Females with anorexia nervosa