Deck 6: Crossing Borders: Migration and Intercultural Adaptation

Question 1

Nazim is a 25-year-old French citizen of Algerian descent. While he wants to be part of French society, he experiences racism and lack of employment opportunity as a son of immigrant parents. He also feels that he does not belong to Algerian culture because people in Algerian community perceive him as "too French." Nazim's migrant-host relationship can be best described as

A) separation.
B) integration.
C) assimilation.
D) marginalization.

Answer 1

marginalization.

Question 2

Takashi is in the United States as an international student studying communication studies. What kind of migrant is he?

A) Immigrant
B) Refugee
C) Sojourner
D) Traveler

Answer 2

Sojourner

Question 3

Starting in the late 1980s, a large number of migrants moved from Mexico to work in a meatpacking plant in Marshalltown, Iowa. Back in Mexico, they experienced deteriorating economic conditions, and the meatpacking plant in the United States was in need of migrant laborers. This pattern of migration can be best understood from

A) push-pull theory.
B) melting pot.
C) migrant network.
D) social capital.

Answer 3

push-pull theory.

Question 4

Soumia, an international student from India, was very excited to come to the United States. A few weeks after her arrival, however, she started feeling homesick. She began to think that cultural differences are confusing and disorienting. Soumia is experiencing

A) adjustment.
B) culture shock.
C) anticipation.
D) reentry shock.

Question 5

Bodi, an immigrant from China, came to the United States following his cousins and family friends who provided him with information and support for travel, housing, employment, and education. Which of the following enabled his migration?

A) Migrant networks
B) World systems theory
C) Pluralism
D) Cultural adaptation

Question 6

A large number of Indian scientists, doctors, and computer programmers migrated to the United States in the 1980s and 1990s. This is an example of

A) outsourcing.
B) brain drain.
C) push-pull theory.
D) marginalization.

Question 7

Xenophobia is defined as

A) fear of outsiders.
B) fear of height.
C) fear of homosexuality.
D) fear of globalization.

Question 8

Feminization of workforce means

A) in the first wave of migration, women were discouraged to migrate.
B) in the second wave of migration, women were recruited to migrate as high skilled laborers.
C) in the context of globalization, there is an increasing demand for migrant women from developing countries to work at factories and serve as caretakers.
D) in the context of globalization, migrant women are more likely to succeed in the workforce than male migrants.

Question 9

The "melting pot" metaphor

A) reflects the cultural diversity of the United States.
B) describes accurately the history of cultural groups in the United States.
C) was never accurate because many cultural groups experienced exclusion from the mainstream culture and/or retained their cultural distinctiveness.
D) refers to the process in which cultural groups remain distinct as well as contribute to a whole unified pattern.

Question 10

Maya wants to raise money for the immigrant community in her town to provide them with English lessons. She has a strong network of friends, teachers, and community members who are committed to providing support for her cause. Maya benefits from her

A) social capital.
B) economic capital.
C) higher education.
D) cultural imperialism.

Question 11

Postcolonial migrants are

A) people who migrate from former colonies to former centers of colonial power.
B) people who migrate to former colonies.
C) much fewer in number today than during the colonial period.
D) affecting former colonial centers as numbers get smaller

Question 12

Migration in the context of globalization is

A) primarily from the North to the South.
B) rapid, multidirectional, and diverse.
C) is notable because of the increase in the number of men migrating as compared with women.
D) has little to do with labor.

Question 13

Nativist movements refer to

A) movements that called for the exclusion of foreign-born people.
B) movements that lead to great social and economic equity.
C) movements of people indigenous to the land to the urban centers.
D) movements that called for the inclusion of foreign-born people.

Question 14

Which theory proposed that cultural adaption occurs through a process of growth, stress, and adaptation?

A) Migrant-host relationship
B) Culture shock
C) Integrative theory of cultural adaptation
D) Push-pull theory

Question 15

Justin spent a year abroad in Shanghai, China. After about 5 to 6 months, he found that through hard work, he was able to engage effectively with the host culture, develop strategies to cope with the psychological stress of being in a new environment, and shift his identity so he could connect with his new friends in China as well as the friend who was from the United States also living in China. Justin's experience illustrates

A) culture shock.
B) intercultural transformation.
C) deculturation.
D) separation.

Question 16

Part of Indra's family lives in Bali and others live in the United States. His mother travels to the United States frequently for her jewelry business in Indonesia. Indra's transmigrant community is likely characterized by which of the following?

A) A lack of sense of community
B) A sense of transnational "home" in only Indonesia
C) Intertwining familial relationships across multiple locations
D) Disconnection from both Indonesia and the United States

Question 17

The ______ wave of migration took place from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s during the Industrial Revolution, when peasants from the rural parts of Europe, fleeing poverty and famine, migrated to urban areas in Europe and North and South America.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 18

______ are people who are forced to flee for safety reasons from their country of origin due to war, fear of persecution, or famine.

A) Settlers
B) Immigrants
C) Sojourners
D) Refugees

Question 19

______ emphasizes the maintenance of ethnic and cultural values, norms, and practices within a multicultural society

A) Capitalism
B) Pluralism
C) Push-pull theory
D) Globalization

Question 20

Which of the following is not an outcome of intercultural transformation?

A) Increased functional fitness of the migrant's ability to engage effectively with the host culture.
B) Improved psychological health of the migrant in coping with the environment.
C) A shift toward an intercultural identity.
D) Rejection of previous cultural values.

Question 21

The number of Latin American and Asian immigrations to the United States increased in the later part of the 20^th century.

Question 22

The third wave of migration is characterized by chain migration from Europe to North and South America.

Question 23

Nativist movements called for the exclusion of foreign-born people.

Question 24

Immigrants are voluntary migrants who leave home for limited periods of time and for specific purposes such as international students.

Question 25

For many decades, migrants to the southern U.S. border were primarily Mexican men.

Question 26

Women across the economic spectrum are entering the paid labor force in unprecedented numbers leading to the feminization of the workforce.

Question 27

Push-Pull Theory argues that international migration today is a result of the structure of global capitalism

Question 28

The second stage of the U-curve model is anticipation, where excitement about the new culture characterizes the sojourner's experience.

Question 29

Separation describes the migrant-host mode of relationship when the migrant values their own or home culture more than the host culture.

Question 30

The movement of high-skilled workers away from their countries of origin represents a huge loss in terms of knowledge, skills, investment, and capital for the sending countries.

Question 31

Briefly discuss the characteristics of first, second, and third wave of global migration.

Question 32

Why is the metaphor "melting pot" problematic and inaccurate to describe U.S. society?

Question 33

Briefly explain the different types of migrants in both voluntary and involuntary migration. Why do you think it is important to understand that there are different kinds of migrants?

Question 34

Giving specific examples and drawing on specific theories, discuss the role of intercultural communication in cultural adaptation.

Question 35

Briefly explain the U-Curve and W-Curve Model of Cultural Adaptation. Identify the five stages and explain each stage briefly.