Deck 4: Processing and Embedding

Question 1

What is the usual range of temperature of a water bath that removes the paraffin wax from the tissue?

A)50-60 degrees Celsius
B)45-50 degrees Celsius
C)35- 45 degrees Celsius
D)70-80 degrees Celsius

Answer 1

45-50 degrees Celsius

Question 2

The paraffin oven is maintained at what temperature?

A)5-10 degrees Celsius above the melting point of the paraffin used
B)10-12 degrees Celsius above the melting point of the paraffin used
C)2-5 degrees Celsius above the melting point of the paraffin used
D)4-8 degrees Celsius above the melting point of the paraffin used

Answer 2

2-5 degrees Celsius above the melting point of the paraffin used

Question 3

This is the procedure whereby lime salts are removed from the tissues following after fixation.

A)Dehydration
B)Decalcification
C)Impregnation
D)Clearing

Answer 3

Decalcification

Question 4

Calcium and other calcified materials may be removed from the tissue by any of the following agents, except:

A)Acids
B)Electrophoresis
C)Chelating agents
D)Oils

Question 5

All of the following statements are true about the factors that influence the rate of decalcification, except:

A)The rate of decalcification will depend upon the fixative used.
B)The rate of decalcification will depend upon the structure of the specimen.
C)The rate of decalcification will depend upon the volume and concentration of the solution used.
D)The rate of decalcification will depend upon temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following mineral acids is known to be the fastest acting decalcifying agent?

A)Hydrochloric acid
B)Formic acid
C)Nitric acid
D)Citric acid

Question 7

Which of the following acids is a moderate-acting decalcifying agent with less distortion of the sample tissue?

A)Citric acid
B)Formic acid
C)Hydrochloric acid
D)Trichloroacetic acid

Question 8

These are substances which combine calcium ions and other salts to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salt.

A)Acids
B)Ion exchange resins
C)Chelating agents
D)Electrophoresis

Question 9

All of the following statements about ion exchange resins are correct, except:

A)The degree of decalcification can be measured by chemical means.
B)Cellular detail is well-preserved.
C)Decalcification is hastened.
D)Daily washing of solutions is eliminated.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process used in decalcification whereby positively charged calcium ions are attracted to a negative electrode and subsequently removed from the decalcifying solution?

A)Acids
B)Ion exchange
C)Chelation
D)Electrophoresis

Question 11

The following statements describe an ideal dehydrating solution, except:

A)It must dehydrate rapidly without producing considerable shrinkage or distortion of tissues.
B)It should evaporate very fast
C)It should not harden the tissues excessively
D)It should not remove stains

Question 12

Which of the following choices is an excellent dehydrating agent?

A)Dioxane
B)Triethyl Phosphate
C)Ethyl alcohol
D)Acetone

Question 13

What clearing agent should be used when the tissue is to be cleared directly from water, as in a frozen section?

A)Xylene
B)Cedarwood
C)Glycerine
D)Dioxane

Question 14

All of the following statements are true about the ideal characteristics of a clearing agent, except:

A)It should make tissues transparent.
B)It should not dissolve out Aniline dyes
C)It should not evaporate quickly in a water bath.
D)It should be miscible with water to promote the rapid removal of the dehydrating agent.

Question 15

What clearing agent is commonly used for both embedding and mounting procedures?

A)Xylene
B)Carbon tetrachloride
C)Clove oil
D)Aniline oil

Question 16

Which of the following agent is recommended for central nervous system tissues and other cytological studies?

A)Chloroform
B)Benzene
C)Cedarwood oil
D)Clove oil

Question 17

This type of clearing agent rapidly clears tissues but it is extremely toxic to man and may be carcinogenic. What clearing agent is this?

A)Toluene
B)Benzene
C)Xylene
D)Chloroform

Question 18

This clearing agent is commonly used as a substitute for Xylene and Benzene.

A)Toluene
B)Cedarwood oil
C)Tetrahydrofuran
D)Clove oil

Question 19

All of the following statements are true about clearing agents, except:

A)Removal of the fixative from tissue.
B)Removal of alcohol from the tissue.
C)Improve refractive index.
D)Both A and C

Question 20

This is the process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and is replaced by a medium that will completely fill all the tissue cavities.

A)Embedding
B)Impregnation
C)Mounting
D)Sectioning

Question 21

This is the process by which the infiltrate tissue is place into a precisely arranged position in a mold containing a medium which is then allowed to solidify.

A)Impregnation
B)Casting
C)Embedding
D)Both B and C

Question 22

What is the simplest, most common embedding medium used for routine tissue processing?

A)Celloidin wax
B)Paraffin wax
C)Gelatin wax
D)Both A and C

Question 23

This is a purified form of nitrocellulose soluble in many solvents.

A)Paraffin wax
B)Celloidin wax
C)Gelatin
D)Paraplast

Question 24

What type of embedding medium is used when the tissues are to be subjected to histochemical and enzyme studies?

A)Paraffin
B)Ester wax
C)Gelatin
D)Celloidin

Question 25

What process is preferred for processing whole eye sections?

A)Wet Celloidin method
B)Dry Celloidin method
C)Nitrocellulose method
D)Gelatin

Question 26

All of the following are disposable embedding molds, except:

A)Peel away
B)Plastic embedding rings and base molds
C)Plastic ice trays
D)Paper boats

Question 27

This type of embedding mold is normally utilized for embedding celloidin blocks, but is equally useful for paraffin wax blocks.

A)Plastic ice trays
B)Paper boats
C)Compound embedding unit
D)Leuckhart's embedding mold

Question 28

This consists of two L-shaped strips of heavy brass or metal arranges on a flat metal plate and can be moved to adjust the size of the mold to the size of the specimen.

A)Leuckhart's embedding mold
B)Plastic embedding rings and base mold
C)Disposable Embedding molds
D)All of the above except C.

Question 29

What is the purpose of 1% phenol in Gelatin impregnation?

A)To completely wash out the fixative
B)To harden the tissue
C)To prevent the growth of molds
D)To solidify the gelatin

Question 30

This is a disposable, thin plastic embedding mold that is available in 3 different sizes.

A)Plastic ice trays
B)Paper boats
C)Peel away
D)None of the above