Deck 4: Exercise Physiology

Question 1

Exercise physiology is the study of how the systems of the body individually and collectively respond to acute and chronic bouts of physical activity and exercise.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory was instrumental in promoting the development of exercise physiology.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The American Society of Exercise Physiologists is the only professional organization that has an interest in the discipline of exercise physiology.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The phrase "chronic adaptations to physical activity and exercise" refers to the changes that occur in the systems of the body in response to one bout of physical activity or exercise.

Question 5

The chronic adaptations to exercise improve various functions of the body while at rest and during both submaximal and maximal exercise.

Question 6

Eating a meal high in carbohydrate content prior to exercise will decrease the use of blood glucose as an energy source during submaximal intensity exercise.

Question 7

The cross-over point describes the exercise duration when there is a shift from oxidative metabolism supplying the majority of energy to nonoxidative metabolism supplying the majority of energy.

Question 8

A reduced level of muscle glycogen may result in a reduced exercise intensity during prolonged exercise.

Question 9

Regular physical activity and exercise can assist the person with type 2 diabetes with the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Question 10

Glucose enters the muscle cell by interacting with the glucose transport protein 4.

Question 11

An increased formation of lactic acid by skeletal muscle during exercise does not contribute to muscle fatigue.

Question 12

The lactate threshold is the exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration begins to increase above resting levels.

Question 13

Exercise training alters the characteristics of the muscle fibers to support the type of training performed.

Question 14

A lower BMI indicates a higher level of risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

Question 15

Acute system responses to exercise are typically done to bring the body back to homeostasis.

Question 16

Specificity means that when training is stopped, the training effect is quickly lost.

Question 17

When an individual performs physical activity or exercise in hot and/or humid environmental conditions, the primary response of the body is to increase blood flow to the skin to assist with temperature regulation.

Question 18

The crossover point is when the body receives more of its energy from protein rather than carbohydrate or fat.

Question 19

The maximum amount of carbohydrate that can be absorbed during long-duration exercise comes from a glucose polymer solution.

Question 20

During exercise, it is important to match fluid and electrolyte intake to water loss in order to prevent dehydration.

Question 21

Hypoestrogenemia is a term used to describe low levels of the female hormone estrogen.

Question 22

An individual's genetic profile has a strong influence on their energy intake and energy expenditure.

Question 23

Most assessments of human energy expenditure are considered direct measurements.

Question 24

Which of the following terms describes the condition of the various systems of the body when the body is in a resting state?

A) Homeostasis
B) Postabsorptive state
C) Morbidity
D) Normoxia

Question 25

When the systems of the body respond to a single bout of physical activity or exercise, this is referred to as:

A) a chronic response.
B) a delayed response.
C) an acute response.
D) a systems response.

Question 26

Which of the following sources provides the most energy during the performance of low intensity exercise?

A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins

Question 27

Which of the following factors would increase the use of fat as an energy source?

A) Increased exercise intensity
B) Increased exercise duration
C) Increased levels of insulin in the blood
D) Increased levels of lactic acid in the blood

Question 28

Consuming a beverage or meal high in carbohydrates immediately prior to exercise will:

A) promote carbohydrate utilization as an energy source.
B) promote fat utilization as an energy source.
C) promote protein utilization as an energy source.
D) have no effect on fuel utilization.

Question 29

Which of the following would result in an increase in blood glucose uptake and use by skeletal muscle?

A) A decrease in glucose 4 transport proteins (GLUT 4 proteins)
B) A decrease in blood levels of insulin
C) Normal blood glucose concentration
D) Muscle contraction

Question 30

Muscle fiber hypertrophy describes the change in muscle fibers that is a result of:

A) an increase in protein synthesis.
B) an increase in the number of muscle fibers.
C) a decrease in the size of the entire muscle.
D) a decrease in force production by the muscle.

Question 31

Glucose 4 transport proteins (GLUT 4 proteins) increase in number in response to:

A) acute exercise.
B) a decrease in cortisol concentration.
C) a period of recovery from physical activity.
D) a low-protein diet.

Question 32

Osteoporosis is a disease condition affecting the skeletal system and is characterized by:

A) an increase in calcium deposition in bone.
B) a decrease in bone mineral density.
C) a higher rate in children than adults.
D) a lower rate in older adults than younger adults.

Question 33

The female athlete triad is a condition that:

A) occurs more in overweight women compared to normal weight women.
B) results in an increase in bone mineral density.
C) results from an increase in daily energy intake.
D) occurs more frequently in women who have amenorrhea.

Question 34

A ______ reduction of body weight is the lowest level of body weight loss that can significantly improve health by decreasing blood lipids, blood pressure, and factors related to the onset of Type 2 diabetes.

A) 5-10 %
B) 20-25 %
C) 30-35 %
D) 40-45%

Question 35

Athletes attempting to increase lean body mass should consume a level of daily protein intake:

A) equal to the recommended dietary reference intake for persons over 18 years.
B) greater than the recommended dietary reference intake for persons over 18 years.
C) less than the recommended dietary reference intake for persons over 18 years.
D) protein intake is not important for individuals attempting to increase lean body mass.

Question 36

The presence of excess fat in the blood is best described as:

A) hyperinsulinemia.
B) hyperlipidemia.
C) hypoestrogenemia.
D) hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Question 37

Which of the following is the most commonly used method to measure energy expenditure in large numbers of individuals?

A) Muscle biopsy
B) Doubly labeled water
C) Respiratory gas exchange
D) Accelerometers

Question 38

Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most important to the body during exercise in a hot and/or humid environment?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Evaporation

Question 39

_________________ is the process where larger molecules or compounds are built from smaller molecules or compounds.

A) Anabolic
B) Catabolic
C) Insulinemic
D) Foundational

Question 40

The power of a treatment or training program to produce a desired effect is termed as:

A) efficiency.
B) efficacy.
C) dependency.
D) influence.

Question 41

Low energy availability with or without an eating disorder is considered a key component to:

A) safe exercise in the heat.
B) efficient exercise in the cold.
C) the female athlete triad.
D) effective weight loss.

Question 42

The process of body heat loss through the air to solid cooler objects is termed as:

A) conduction.
B) convection.
C) radiation.
D) evaporation.